Ma polima opatsa mphamvu kwambiri adapangidwa kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1960. Mu 1961, Northern Research Institute ya US Department of Agriculture idaphatikiza starch ku acrylonitrile koyamba kuti ipange HSPAN starch acrylonitrile graft copolymer yomwe idaposa zinthu zachikhalidwe zomwe zimayamwa madzi. Mu 1978, Sanyo Chemical Co., Ltd. ya ku Japan idatsogolera pakugwiritsa ntchito ma polima opatsa mphamvu kwambiri pamatewera otayidwa, zomwe zakopa chidwi cha asayansi ochokera padziko lonse lapansi. Kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1970, UCC Corporation ya ku United States idapereka lingaliro logwirizanitsa ma polima osiyanasiyana a olefin oxide ndi chithandizo cha radiation, ndikupanga ma polima osakhala a ionic super absorbent okhala ndi mphamvu yoyamwa madzi yokwana nthawi 2000, motero idatsegula kapangidwe ka ma polima osakhala a ionic super absorbent. Chitseko. Mu 1983, Sanyo Chemicals of Japan idagwiritsa ntchito potassium acrylate pamaso pa ma diene compounds monga methacrylamide kuti ipange polymer ma polima opatsa mphamvu kwambiri. Pambuyo pake, kampaniyo yakhala ikupanga mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma polymer omwe amapangidwa ndi polyacrylic acid ndi polyacrylamide yosinthidwa. Kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1900, asayansi ochokera m'mayiko osiyanasiyana apanga ma polymer omwe amamwa madzi mwachangu m'maiko osiyanasiyana padziko lonse lapansi. Pakadali pano, magulu atatu akuluakulu opanga ma polymer a Japan Shokubai, Sanyo Chemical ndi Stockhausen aku Germany apanga mgwirizano wa magawo atatu. Amayang'anira 70% ya msika wapadziko lonse lapansi masiku ano, ndipo amachita ntchito zolumikizana padziko lonse lapansi kudzera mu mgwirizano waukadaulo kuti agwiritse ntchito msika wapamwamba wamayiko onse padziko lapansi. Ufulu wogulitsa ma polymer omwe amamwa madzi. Ma polymer omwe amamwa madzi ambiri ali ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana komanso mwayi wogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Pakadali pano, ntchito yake yayikulu ikadali zinthu zaukhondo, zomwe zimawerengera pafupifupi 70% ya msika wonse.
Popeza sodium polyacrylate superabsorbent resin ili ndi mphamvu yabwino kwambiri yoyamwa madzi komanso mphamvu yabwino kwambiri yosunga madzi, imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'njira zosiyanasiyana ngati chothandizira kusunga madzi m'nthaka mu ulimi ndi nkhalango. Ngati sodium polyacrylate yochepa kwambiri yoyamwa madzi yawonjezeredwa m'nthaka, kuchuluka kwa kumera kwa nyemba zina ndi kukana kwa chilala kwa nyemba kumatha kuwonjezeka, ndipo mpweya wolowa m'nthaka ukhoza kuwonjezeka. Kuphatikiza apo, chifukwa cha hydrophilicity komanso mphamvu zabwino kwambiri zoletsa utsi ndi kukana kuzizira kwa utomoni woyamwa madzi, ingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati zinthu zatsopano zomangira. Filimu yomangira yopangidwa ndi zinthu zapadera za super absorbent polymer imatha kusunga bwino chakudya. Kuwonjezera pang'ono super absorbent polymer ku zodzoladzola kungathandizenso kuwonjezera kukhuthala kwa emulsion, yomwe ndi chinthu chabwino kwambiri chokhuthala. Pogwiritsa ntchito makhalidwe a super absorbent polymer yomwe imangoyamwa madzi koma osati mafuta kapena zinthu zosungunulira zachilengedwe, ingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati chothandizira kuuma m'makampani.
Popeza ma polima onyowa kwambiri ndi osapsa, sakwiyitsa thupi la munthu, samayambitsa mavuto ena, komanso samayambitsa magazi kuundana, akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'zamankhwala m'zaka zaposachedwa. Mwachitsanzo, amagwiritsidwa ntchito popaka mafuta odzola okhala ndi madzi ambiri komanso osavuta kugwiritsa ntchito; kupanga mabandeji azachipatala ndi mipira ya thonje yomwe imatha kuyamwa magazi ndi kutuluka kwa magazi kuchokera ku opaleshoni ndi kuvulala, komanso imatha kupewa kuipitsidwa; kupanga mankhwala oletsa mabakiteriya omwe amatha kufalitsa madzi ndi mankhwala koma osati tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Khungu lopangidwa ndi matenda, ndi zina zotero.
Ndi chitukuko cha sayansi ndi ukadaulo, kuteteza chilengedwe kwakopa chidwi chachikulu. Ngati polima woyamwa kwambiri ayikidwa m'thumba lomwe limasungunuka m'zimbudzi, ndipo thumbalo limamizidwa m'zimbudzi, thumbalo likasungunuka, polima woyamwa kwambiri amatha kuyamwa madziwo mwachangu kuti alimbikitse zimbudzi.
Mu makampani opanga zamagetsi, ma polima onyowa kwambiri angagwiritsidwenso ntchito ngati masensa ozindikira chinyezi, masensa oyezera chinyezi, ndi zowunikira madzi otuluka. Ma polima onyowa kwambiri angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati zonyowa za ayoni zachitsulo cholemera komanso zinthu zoyamwa mafuta.
Mwachidule, polymer yoyamwa kwambiri ndi mtundu wa zinthu za polima zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mosiyanasiyana. Kupanga mwamphamvu kwa utomoni wa polymer woyamwa kwambiri kuli ndi kuthekera kwakukulu pamsika. Chaka chino, pansi pa chilala ndi mvula yochepa m'madera ambiri kumpoto kwa dziko langa, momwe mungapititsire patsogolo ndikugwiritsira ntchito ma polima oyamwa kwambiri ndi ntchito yofunika kwambiri yomwe asayansi ndi akatswiri a zaulimi ndi nkhalango akukumana nayo. Pakukhazikitsa Njira Yoyendetsera Western, pantchito yokonza nthaka, pangani mwamphamvu ndikugwiritsa ntchito ntchito zambiri zothandiza za ma polima oyamwa kwambiri, omwe ali ndi phindu lenileni lazachuma komanso lomwe lingatheke. Zhuhai Demi Chemicals ili ndi malo opitilira 30,000 masikweya mita. Imagwira ntchito yofufuza ndi kupanga zinthu zokhudzana ndi zinthu zoyamwa kwambiri (SAP). Ndi kampani yoyamba yakunyumba yomwe imagwira ntchito mu utomoni woyamwa kwambiri womwe umaphatikiza kafukufuku wasayansi, kupanga, kugulitsa, ndi ntchito zaukadaulo. Kampaniyo ili ndi ufulu wodziyimira pawokha wazinthu zanzeru, luso lofufuza komanso chitukuko champhamvu, ndipo nthawi zonse imatsegula zinthu zatsopano. Ntchitoyi ili mu "ndondomeko ya nyali" ya dziko lonse ndipo yayamikiridwa kangapo ndi maboma a dziko, a zigawo ndi a m'matauni.
Malo Ofunsira
1. Kugwiritsa ntchito mu ulimi ndi ulimi
Utomoni woyamwa kwambiri womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito muulimi ndi ulimi umatchedwanso wosunga madzi ndi wokonza nthaka. Dziko langa ndi dziko lomwe lili ndi kusowa kwakukulu kwa madzi padziko lonse lapansi. Chifukwa chake, kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zosunga madzi kukukhala kofunika kwambiri. Pakadali pano, mabungwe ofufuza akunyumba oposa khumi ndi awiri apanga zinthu zoyamwa kwambiri za tirigu, thonje, mafuta, ndi shuga. , Fodya, zipatso, ndiwo zamasamba, nkhalango ndi mitundu ina yoposa 60 ya zomera, malo olimbikitsira amaposa mahekitala 70,000, ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito utomoni woyamwa kwambiri ku Northwest, Inner Mongolia ndi malo ena pobzala mitengo yobiriwira m'dera lalikulu. Utomoni woyamwa kwambiri womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito pankhaniyi makamaka ndi zinthu zolumikizidwa ndi starch za acrylate polymer ndi zinthu zolumikizidwa ndi acrylamide-acrylate copolymer, momwe mchere wasinthira kuchoka pamtundu wa sodium kupita ku mtundu wa potaziyamu. Njira zazikulu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi kusakaniza mbewu, kupopera, kugwiritsa ntchito mabowo, kapena kunyowetsa mizu ya zomera mutasakaniza ndi madzi kuti mupange phala. Nthawi yomweyo, utomoni wonyowa kwambiri ungagwiritsidwe ntchito kuphimba feteleza kenako n’kuika feteleza, kuti ugwire bwino ntchito ya fetelezayo komanso kupewa zinyalala ndi kuipitsa. Mayiko akunja amagwiritsanso ntchito utomoni wonyowa kwambiri ngati zinthu zosungira zipatso, ndiwo zamasamba ndi chakudya.
2. Ntchito zake pazachipatala ndi ukhondo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka ngati zopukutira zaukhondo, matewera a ana, zopukutira, mapaketi a ayezi azachipatala; zinthu zonunkhiritsa ngati gel zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku kuti zisinthe mlengalenga. Zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zinthu zoyambira zachipatala zopaka mafuta, mafuta odzola, ma liniments, ma cataplasms, ndi zina zotero, zimakhala ndi ntchito yonyowetsa, kukhuthala, kulowa kwa khungu ndi kugawa khungu. Zingapangidwenso kukhala chonyamulira chanzeru chomwe chimayang'anira kuchuluka kwa mankhwala omwe amatulutsidwa, nthawi yotulutsidwa, ndi malo otulutsidwa.
3. Kugwiritsa ntchito m'makampani
Gwiritsani ntchito ntchito ya utomoni woyamwa kwambiri kuti muyamwe madzi pa kutentha kwakukulu ndikutulutsa madzi pa kutentha kochepa kuti mupange chothandizira cholimba cha chinyezi m'mafakitale. Mu ntchito zobwezeretsa mafuta m'mafakitale, makamaka m'mafakitale akale amafuta, kugwiritsa ntchito njira zamadzimadzi za polyacrylamide zomwe zimakhala ndi mamolekyulu ambiri olemera kwambiri pakusuntha mafuta ndikothandiza kwambiri. Ingagwiritsidwenso ntchito pochotsa madzi m'madzi m'mafakitale, makamaka pa zinthu zachilengedwe zomwe zili ndi polarity yochepa. Palinso zinthu zokhuthala m'mafakitale, utoto wosungunuka m'madzi, ndi zina zotero.
4. Kugwiritsa ntchito pomanga
Zipangizo zotupa mofulumira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa ntchito zosamalira madzi ndi utomoni wonyowa kwambiri, womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka polumikiza ngalande za madamu nthawi ya kusefukira kwa madzi, komanso polumikiza madzi kuti agwirizane ndi zipinda zapansi, ngalande ndi sitima zapansi panthaka; zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyeretsa zinyalala za m'mizinda ndi ntchito zochotsa zinyalala. Matope amauma kuti athandize kufukula ndi kunyamula.
Nthawi yotumizira: Disembala-08-2021