Kodi n’chifukwa chiyani madzi otayira amchere okhala ndi mchere wambiri amakhudza kwambiri tizilombo toyambitsa matenda?

Choyamba tiyeni tifotokoze za kuyesa kwa osmotic pressure: gwiritsani ntchito nembanemba yothira madzi pang'ono kuti mulekanitse mayankho awiri a mchere okhala ndi kuchuluka kosiyanasiyana. Mamolekyu amadzi a mchere wothira madzi pang'ono adzadutsa mu nembanemba yothira madzi pang'ono kupita ku yankho la mchere wothira madzi pang'ono, ndipo mamolekyu amadzi a mchere wothira madzi pang'ono adzadutsanso mu nembanemba yothira madzi pang'ono kupita ku yankho la mchere wothira madzi pang'ono, koma chiwerengerocho ndi chochepa, kotero mulingo wamadzi mbali ya mchere wothira madzi pang'ono udzakwera. Pamene kusiyana kwa kutalika kwa madzi mbali zonse ziwiri kumapanga kupanikizika kokwanira kuti madzi asayendenso, osmosis idzasiya. Panthawiyi, kupanikizika komwe kumapangidwa ndi kusiyana kwa kutalika kwa madzi mbali zonse ziwiri ndi kupanikizika kwa osmotic. Kawirikawiri, kuchuluka kwa mchere kukakhala kwakukulu, kupanikizika kwa osmotic kumakhala kwakukulu.

Mkhalidwe wa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda m'madzi amchere ndi wofanana ndi kuyesa kwa osmotic pressure. Kapangidwe ka unit ya tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi maselo, ndipo khoma la selo ndi lofanana ndi nembanemba yomwe imatha kulowa mkati. Pamene kuchuluka kwa chloride ion kuli kochepera kapena kofanana ndi 2000mg/L, kuthamanga kwa osmotic komwe khoma la selo lingathe kupirira ndi 0.5-1.0 atmospheres. Ngakhale khoma la selo ndi nembanemba ya cytoplasmic zili ndi kulimba ndi kusinthasintha kwina, kuthamanga kwa osmotic komwe khoma la selo lingathe kupirira sikudzakhala koposa 5-6 atmospheres. Komabe, pamene kuchuluka kwa chloride ion mu yankho lamadzi kuli pamwamba pa 5000mg/L, kuthamanga kwa osmotic kudzawonjezeka kufika pafupifupi 10-30 atmospheres. Pansi pa kuthamanga kwakukulu kwa osmotic, kuchuluka kwa mamolekyu amadzi mu tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kudzalowa mu yankho lakunja kwa thupi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti maselo asamafe ndi plasmolysis, ndipo pazochitika zoopsa, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tidzafa. M'moyo watsiku ndi tsiku, anthu amagwiritsa ntchito mchere (sodium chloride) kusaka ndiwo zamasamba ndi nsomba, kusakaniza ndi kusungira chakudya, zomwe ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mfundo imeneyi.

Deta ya zaukadaulo ikuwonetsa kuti kuchuluka kwa ma chloride ion m'madzi otayira kuli kopitilira 2000mg/L, ntchito ya tizilombo toyambitsa matenda idzalepheretsedwa ndipo kuchuluka kwa COD kudzatsika kwambiri; kuchuluka kwa ma chloride ion m'madzi otayira kuli kopitilira 8000mg/L, kudzapangitsa kuti matope achuluke, thovu lalikulu lidzawonekera pamwamba pa madzi, ndipo tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tidzafa limodzi ndi limodzi.

Komabe, pambuyo pobereka kwa nthawi yayitali, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timazolowera pang'onopang'ono kukula ndi kuberekana m'madzi amchere okhala ndi mchere wambiri. Pakadali pano, anthu ena ali ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tomwe timazolowera kukhala ndi chloride ion kapena sulfate yoposa 10000mg/L. Komabe, mfundo ya kuthamanga kwa osmotic imatiuza kuti kuchuluka kwa mchere m'madzi a maselo a tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwe adazolowera kukula ndi kuberekana m'madzi amchere okhala ndi mchere wambiri kumakhala kwakukulu kwambiri. Kuchuluka kwa mchere m'madzi otayira kukakhala kochepa kapena kochepa kwambiri, mamolekyu ambiri amadzi m'madzi otayira amalowa m'maselo a tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti maselo a tizilombo toyambitsa matenda adzikumbe, ndipo pazochitika zazikulu, amasweka ndi kufa. Chifukwa chake, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwe akhala akubereka kwa nthawi yayitali ndipo amatha kuzolowera kukula ndi kuberekana m'madzi amchere okhala ndi mchere wambiri amafuna kuti kuchuluka kwa mchere m'thupi nthawi zonse kusungidwe pamlingo wapamwamba, ndipo sikungasinthe, apo ayi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tidzafa mochuluka.