Chifukwa chiyani madzi otayira amchere okhala ndi kuchuluka kwambiri amakhala ndi chiwopsezo chachikulu pa tizilombo tating'onoting'ono?

Choyamba, tiyeni tifotokoze za kuyesa kwa mphamvu ya osmotic: gwiritsani ntchito nembanemba yodutsa pang'onopang'ono kuti mulekanitse njira ziwiri zamchere zamagulu osiyanasiyana. Mamolekyu amadzi a mchere wothira pang'ono amadutsa mumchere wocheperako pang'onopang'ono kulowa mumchere wambiri, ndipo mamolekyu amadzi amchere amchere amathanso kudutsa nembanemba yomwe imatha kulowa mumchere wocheperako, koma chiwerengerocho ndi chocheperako, kotero kuti mulingo wamadzimadzi pamphepete mwa mchere wothirira kwambiri udzawuka. Pamene kusiyana kwa msinkhu wa madzi amadzimadzi kumbali zonse ziwiri kumatulutsa kuthamanga kokwanira kuti madzi asayendenso, osmosis imasiya. Panthawi imeneyi, kuthamanga kwaiye ndi kutalika kusiyana kwa madzi milingo mbali zonse ndi osmotic kuthamanga. Nthawi zambiri, kuchuluka kwa mchere kumapangitsa kuti chiwopsezo cha osmotic chikuchuluke.

Mkhalidwe wa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda m'madzi amchere ndi ofanana ndi kuyesa kwa osmotic pressure. Kapangidwe kake ka tizilombo tating'onoting'ono ndi maselo, ndipo khoma la cell limafanana ndi nembanemba yotha kulowa mkati. Pamene chloride ion concentration ndi yocheperapo kapena yofanana ndi 2000mg/L, mphamvu ya osmotic yomwe khoma la cell limatha kupirira ndi 0.5-1.0 atmospheres. Ngakhale khoma la cell ndi nembanemba ya cytoplasmic imakhala ndi kulimba komanso kukhazikika, mphamvu ya osmotic yomwe khoma la cell limatha kupirira silingakhale lalikulu kuposa 5-6 atmospheres. Komabe, pamene chloride ion ndende mu njira amadzimadzi ndi pamwamba 5000mg/L, osmotic kuthamanga adzawonjezeka pafupifupi 10-30 atmospheres. Pansi pa kupanikizika kwakukulu kwa osmotic, mamolekyu ambiri amadzi mu microorganism adzalowa mu yankho la extracorporeal, kuchititsa kuti maselo awonongeke ndi plasmolysis, ndipo muzovuta kwambiri, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timafa. M'moyo watsiku ndi tsiku, anthu amagwiritsa ntchito mchere (sodium chloride) kuti azitolera masamba ndi nsomba, amatenthetsa ndikusunga chakudya, ndiko kugwiritsa ntchito mfundo imeneyi.

Deta ya zochitika zaumisiri imasonyeza kuti pamene chloride ion ndende m'madzi onyansa ndi aakulu kuposa 2000mg / L, ntchito ya tizilombo toyambitsa matenda idzalepheretsedwa ndipo mlingo wochotsa COD udzatsika kwambiri; pamene chloride ion ndende m'madzi oipa ndi wamkulu kuposa 8000mg/L, izo zidzachititsa sludge voliyumu kukula, kuchuluka kwa thovu adzaonekera pa madzi pamwamba, ndipo tizilombo adzafa mmodzi pambuyo mzake.

Komabe, pambuyo pakuweta kwa nthawi yayitali, tizilombo tating'onoting'ono timasintha pang'onopang'ono kukula ndi kuberekana m'madzi amchere amchere. Pakali pano, anthu ena ali ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tomwe timatha kutengera chloride ion kapena sulphate yoposa 10000mg/L. Komabe, mfundo ya kupanikizika kwa osmotic imatiuza kuti mchere wa mchere wamadzimadzi amtundu wa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwe tazolowera kukula ndi kuberekana m'madzi amchere ochuluka kwambiri. Mchere wa mchere m'madzi onyansa ukakhala wochepa kapena wochepa kwambiri, mamolekyu ambiri amadzi m'madzi onyansa adzalowa m'kati mwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, ndipo nthawi zambiri timaphulika ndi kufa. Choncho, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timene timakhala toweta kwa nthawi yaitali ndipo pang'onopang'ono tingagwirizane ndi kukula ndi kuberekana m'madzi amchere amchere amafunikira kuti mchere wa mchere mu mphamvu ya biochemical ukhale wokwera kwambiri, ndipo sungathe kusinthasintha, mwinamwake tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timafa mochuluka.