1. Kodi ma flocculants, coagulants ndi conditioners ndi chiyani?
Othandizirawa atha kugawidwa m'magulu otsatirawa malinga ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana pamankhwala osefera a sludge press:
Flocculant: yomwe nthawi zina imatchedwa coagulant, imatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati njira yolimbikitsira kulekanitsa kwamadzi olimba, komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito mu thanki yoyamba ya sedimentation, tank sedimentation yachiwiri, thanki yoyandama ndi chithandizo chamankhwala apamwamba kapena njira zamankhwala zapamwamba.
Thandizo la Coagulation: Ma flocculants othandizira amagwira ntchito kuti apititse patsogolo coagulation.
Conditioner: Imadziwikanso kuti dewatering agent, imagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza zinyalala zotsalazo zisanachotsedwe, ndipo mitundu yake imaphatikizanso zina mwazomwe tatchulazi komanso ma coagulants.
2. Flocculant
Flocculants ndi gulu la zinthu zimene angathe kuchepetsa kapena kuthetsa mpweya bata ndi polymerization bata omwazika particles m'madzi, ndi kupanga omwazika particles agglomerate ndi flocculate mu aggregates kuchotsa.
Malinga ndi kapangidwe kake, ma flocculants amatha kugawidwa kukhala ma flocculants osakhazikika komanso ma organic flocculants.
Inorganic flocculants
Ma flocculants amtundu wachilengedwe ndi amchere otsika a aluminiyamu amchere ndi mchere wachitsulo. Aluminiyamu mchere makamaka monga aluminium sulfate (AL2(SO4)3∙18H2O), alum (AL2(SO4)3∙K2SO4∙24H2O), sodium aluminiyamu (NaALO3), chitsulo mchere makamaka monga ferric kolorayidi (FeCL3∙6H20), ferrous sulfate FeSO4∙6H20) ndi ferric sulfate (Fe2(SO4)3∙2H20).
Nthawi zambiri, ma flocculants achilengedwe ali ndi mawonekedwe a kupezeka kosavuta kwa zopangira, kukonzekera kosavuta, mtengo wotsika, komanso zolimbitsa thupi, motero amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pochiza madzi.
Inorganic polima flocculant
The hydroxyl ndi mpweya ofotokoza ma polima a Al (III) ndi Fe (III) adzakhala zina pamodzi mu aggregates, amene adzasungidwa mu njira amadzimadzi pansi zinthu zina, ndi tinthu kukula adzakhala mu nanometer osiyanasiyana. Zotsatira za mlingo waukulu.
Poyerekeza anachita ndi ma polymerization mitengo, zimene zotayidwa polima ndi wofatsa ndi mawonekedwe okhazikika, pamene hydrolyzed polima wa chitsulo amachitira mofulumira ndi mosavuta wotaya bata ndi precipitates.
Ubwino wa ma flocculants opangidwa ndi polima amawonekera chifukwa ndiwothandiza kwambiri kuposa ma flocculants achikhalidwe monga aluminiyamu sulfate ndi ferric chloride, ndipo ndiotsika mtengo kuposa ma organic polymer flocculants. Tsopano Polyaluminium kolorayidi wakhala bwino ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana mankhwala a kotunga madzi, madzi zinyalala mafakitale ndi zimbudzi m'tawuni, kuphatikizapo pretreatment, mankhwala wapakatikati ndi mankhwala apamwamba, ndipo pang'onopang'ono wakhala flocculant waukulu. Komabe, ponena za morphology, digiri ya polymerization ndi lolingana coagulation-flocculation tingati, organic polima flocculants akadali pa malo pakati chikhalidwe zitsulo mchere flocculants ndi organic polima flocculants.
Polyaluminiyamu mankhwala enaake, pac, msds policloruro de aluminio, cas no 1327 41 9, policloruro de aluminio, pac mankhwala mankhwala madzi, poly aluminium kolorayidi, amatchedwa PAC, ali chilinganizo mankhwala ALn(OH) mCL3n-m. PAC ndi ma electrolyte ambiri omwe amatha kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa zonyansa zonga dongo (zoyipa zambiri) m'madzi. Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa mamolekyu ndi mphamvu zotsatsira mwamphamvu, ma floc omwe amapangidwa amakhala okulirapo, ndipo magwiridwe antchito a flocculation ndi sedimentation ndiabwino kuposa ma flocculants ena.
poly aluminium kolorayidi ali ndi digiri yapamwamba ya polymerization, ndipo kusonkhezera mofulumira pambuyo powonjezera kumatha kufupikitsa nthawi yopanga floc. poly aluminium chloride PAC simakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kutentha kwa madzi, ndipo imagwira ntchito bwino madzi akatentha. Amachepetsa pH mtengo wamadzi pang'ono, ndipo pH yoyenera ndi yotakata (ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito mu pH = 5 ~ 9), kotero sikoyenera kuwonjezera mankhwala amchere. Mlingo wa PAC ndi wochepa, matope opangidwanso ndi ochepa, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito, kasamalidwe ndi kagwiritsidwe ntchito kake ndizosavuta, komanso sizingawononge zida ndi mapaipi. Choncho, PAC ali ndi chizolowezi pang'onopang'ono m'malo zotayidwa sulphate m'munda wa mankhwala madzi, ndipo kuipa kwake ndi kuti mtengo ndi apamwamba kuposa flocculants chikhalidwe.
Kuphatikiza apo, kuchokera pamalingaliro a chemistry ya solution,PAC poly aluminium kloridendi njira yapakatikati ya hydrolysis-polymerization-precipitation reaction process ya aluminiyamu mchere, womwe ndi wosakhazikika thermodynamically. Nthawi zambiri, zinthu zamadzimadzi za PAC ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pakanthawi kochepa (zolimba zimakhala ndi magwiridwe antchito). , ikhoza kusungidwa kwa nthawi yayitali). Kuwonjezera mchere zina zosawerengeka (monga CaCl2, MnCl2, etc.) kapena macromolecules (monga polyvinyl mowa, polyacrylamide, etc.) akhoza kusintha bata la PAC, ndi kuonjezera kugwirizana luso.
Pankhani ya kupanga, anions amodzi kapena angapo (monga SO42-, PO43-, etc.) amayambitsidwa popanga PAC, ndipo mawonekedwe a polima ndi kugawa kwachilengedwe kungasinthidwe pamlingo wina ndi polymerization, potero. kupititsa patsogolo kukhazikika ndi kuchita bwino kwa PAC; ngati zigawo zina za cationic, monga Fe3 +, zimayambitsidwa popanga PAC kupanga Al3 + ndi Fe3 + staggered hydrolytically polymerized, composite flocculant polyaluminium iron ingapezeke.
Organic polymer flocculant
Zopangira organic polima flocculants zambiri polypropylene ndi polyethylene zinthu, monga polyacrylamide ndi polyethyleneimine. Izi flocculants onse madzi sungunuka liniya macromolecules, aliyense macromolecule tichipeza ambiri kubwereza mayunitsi munali magulu mlandu, choncho amatchedwanso polyelectrolytes. Magulu omwe ali ndi zida zabwino ndi ma cationic polyelectrolytes, ndipo omwe ali ndi magulu olakwika ndi anionic polyelectrolytes, omwe alibe magulu abwino kapena oyipa, ndipo amatchedwa nonionic polyelectrolytes.
Pakalipano, ma polima flocculants omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi anionic, ndipo amatha kuthandizira kugwirizanitsa zonyansa za colloidal m'madzi. Nthawi zambiri sangagwiritsidwe ntchito payekha, koma amagwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi mchere wa aluminiyamu ndi mchere wachitsulo. Ma cationic flocculants amatha kugwira ntchito ya coagulation ndi flocculation panthawi imodzimodzi ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito payekha, choncho akukula mofulumira.
Panopa, polyacrylamide non-ionic ma polima ntchito kawirikawiri m'dziko langa, amene nthawi zambiri ntchito osakaniza chitsulo ndi zotayidwa mchere. Magetsi neutralization zotsatira za chitsulo ndi zotayidwa mchere pa colloidal particles ndi kwambiri flocculation ntchito ya polima flocculants ntchito kupeza zokhutiritsa mankhwala zotsatira. Polyacrylamide ili ndi mawonekedwe a mlingo wocheperako, kuthamanga kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi, komanso magulu akuluakulu komanso olimba omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito. 80% ya ma organic polymer flocculants omwe amapangidwa m'dziko langa ndi awa.
Polyacrylamide PAM,polyelectrolyte ntchito,polyelectrolyte cationic ufa,cationic polyelectrolyte,cationic polima,cationic Polyacrylamide ndi ambiri ankagwiritsa ntchito kupanga organic polima flocculant, polyelectrolyte, ndipo nthawi zina ntchito ngati coagulant. Kupanga zopangira za polyacrylamide ndi polyacrylonitrile CH2=CHCN. Nthawi zina, acrylonitrile ndi hydrolyzed kupanga acrylamide, ndi acrylamide ndiye pansi kuyimitsidwa polymerization kupeza polyacrylamide. Polyacrylamide ndi utomoni wosungunuka m'madzi, ndipo zinthu zake zimakhala zolimba komanso zowoneka bwino zamadzimadzi zomwe zimakhala ndi ndende inayake.
The kwenikweni alipo mawonekedwe a polyacrylamide m'madzi ndi mwachisawawa koyilo. Chifukwa koyilo yachisawawa imakhala ndi kukula kwake kwa tinthu ndi magulu ena a amide pamwamba pake, imatha kusewera molingana ndi mlatho ndi kutsatsa, ndiko kuti, imakhala ndi kukula kwake. mphamvu zina za flocculation.
Komabe, chifukwa unyolo wautali wa polyacrylamide umakhala wopindika, njira yake yolumikizira ndi yaying'ono. Pambuyo pamagulu awiri a amide atagwirizanitsidwa, ndizofanana ndi kuchotsedwa kwa mgwirizano ndi kutayika kwa malo awiri adsorption. Kuonjezera apo, magulu ena a amide amakulungidwa mu mawonekedwe a coil M'kati mwake sangathe kukhudzana ndi kutsatsa tinthu tating'onoting'ono tamadzi m'madzi, kotero kuti mphamvu yake yowonongeka sichitha kuchitidwa mokwanira.
Pofuna kupatutsanso magulu a amide olumikizidwa ndikuwonetsanso magulu obisika a amide kunja, anthu amayesa kukulitsa koyilo yachisawawa moyenera, ndipo amayesanso kuwonjezera magulu ena okhala ndi ma cations kapena anions ku unyolo wautali wa molekyulu, ndikuwongolera kutsatsa komanso kuwongolera mphamvu ndi zotsatira za kusanjikizana kwamagetsi ndi kupsinjika kwa gawo lamagetsi lawiri. Mwa njira iyi, mndandanda wa polyacrylamide flocculants kapena coagulants ndi katundu osiyana zimachokera pa maziko a PAM.
Pochiza madzi otayira, nthawi zina flocculant imodzi imatha kukhazikika bwino, ndipo nthawi zambiri pamafunika kuwonjezera othandizira ena kuti apititse patsogolo kukhazikika kwa coagulation. Wothandizira uyu amatchedwa coagulation aid. Ma coagulants omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi chlorine, laimu, activated silicic acid, fupa guluu ndi sodium alginate, activated carbon ndi dongo zosiyanasiyana.
Ma coagulants ena nawonso satenga nawo gawo pakukomoka, koma posintha ndikuwongolera ma coagulation, amatenga gawo lothandizira ma flocculants kuti apange coagulation. Ma coagulants ena amatenga nawo gawo pakupanga magulu, kukonza mapangidwe a flocs, ndipo amatha kupanga ma floc abwino komanso otayirira omwe amapangidwa ndi ma inorganic flocculants kukhala olimba komanso olimba.
4. Conditioner
Ma conditioner, omwe amadziwikanso kuti dehydrating agents, amatha kugawidwa m'magulu awiri: ma inorganic conditioners ndi organic conditioners. Ma organic conditioners nthawi zambiri amakhala oyenera kusefera kwa vacuum ndi kusefera kwa mbale ndi chimango cha sludge, pomwe ma organic conditioners ndi oyenera kuthira madzi apakati komanso kusefa lamba kutsitsa matope.
5.mgwirizano wapakatiflocculants, coagulants, ndi conditioners
The dehydrating agent ndi wothandizira omwe amawonjezedwa matope asanawonongeke, ndiko kuti, wothandizira wa sludge, kotero tanthauzo la dehydrating ndi wothandizira ndi wofanana. Mlingo wa dewatering agent kapena conditioning agent nthawi zambiri amawerengedwa ngati kuchuluka kwa kulemera kwa zolimba zouma za matope.
Ma Flocculants amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochotsa zolimba zoyimitsidwa m'madzi otayira ndipo ndizofunikira kwambiri pakupanga madzi. Mlingo wa flocculant nthawi zambiri umawonetsedwa ndi kuchuluka komwe kumawonjezeredwa mu voliyumu yamadzi oyeretsedwa.
Mlingo wa dehydrating agent (conditioning agent), flocculant, ndi coagulation aid akhoza kutchedwa mlingo. Wothandizira yemweyo angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati flocculant pochiza zimbudzi, ndipo angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati conditioner kapena dewatering wothandizira pochiza sludge owonjezera.
Coagulants amatchedwa coagulants pamene amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati flocculants m'munda wa mankhwala madzi. Ma coagulant omwewo nthawi zambiri samatchedwa coagulants pochiza matope ochulukirapo, koma onse amatchulidwa kuti ma conditioner kapena dehydrating agents.
Pogwiritsa ntchito aflocculant, popeza kuchuluka kwa zolimba inaimitsidwa m'madzi ndi ochepa, kuti tikwaniritse kukhudzana kwathunthu pakati pa flocculant ndi inaimitsidwa particles, kusakaniza ndi anachita maofesi ayenera kukhala ndi nthawi yokwanira. Mwachitsanzo, kusakaniza kumatenga masekondi makumi angapo mpaka mphindi zingapo, Zomwe zimafunikira mphindi 15 mpaka 30. Dothi likathiridwa madzi, nthawi zambiri zimangotenga masekondi angapo kuchokera pomwe chowongoleracho chikuwonjezeredwa kumatope omwe amalowa mu makina ochotsera madzi, ndiye kuti, njira yokhayo yosakanikirana yofanana ndi flocculant, ndipo palibe nthawi yochitirapo kanthu, ndipo chidziwitso chachitika. adawonetsanso kuti kuwongolera kumawonjezeka ndikukhalapo. idachepa pakapita nthawi.
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Nthawi yotumiza: Jul-09-2022