Pachifukwa ichi, mayiko padziko lonse lapansi ayesa njira zosiyanasiyana zaukadaulo, akufunitsitsa kusunga mphamvu ndi kuchepetsa utsi woipa, ndikubwezeretsa chilengedwe padziko lapansi.
Pansi pa kukakamizidwa kuchokera ku gawo lina kupita ku lina, mafakitale a zimbudzi, monga ogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri, akukumana ndi kusintha kwachilengedwe:
Mwachitsanzo, limbitsani ntchito yochepetsa kuipitsa chilengedwe ndikuchita nawo ntchito yochotsa nayitrogeni ndi phosphorous kwambiri;
Mwachitsanzo, kukweza mphamvu zodzikwanira kuti tichite kusintha kwabwino komanso kusintha kuti tipeze njira zochotsera zinyalala zomwe sizigwiritsa ntchito mpweya wambiri;
Mwachitsanzo, chisamaliro chiyenera kuperekedwa pakubwezeretsa chuma panthawi yokonza zinyalala kuti zibwezeretsedwenso.
Kotero pali:
Mu 2003, fakitale yoyamba yamadzi yobwezeretsedwa ya NeWater padziko lonse lapansi idamangidwa ku Singapore, ndipo kugwiritsidwanso ntchito kwa zinyalala kudafika pamlingo woyenera;
Mu 2005, chomera chotsukira zinyalala cha ku Austria Strass chinapeza mphamvu zokwanira kwa nthawi yoyamba padziko lonse lapansi, chodalira kokha kubwezeretsa mphamvu za mankhwala m'zinyalala kuti zikwaniritse mphamvu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito potsukira zinyalala;
Mu 2016, lamulo la ku Switzerland linalamula kuti phosphorous yosasinthika ibwezeretsedwe kuchokera ku zimbudzi (matope), ndowe za nyama ndi zinthu zina zoipitsa.
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Monga dziko lodziwika bwino padziko lonse lapansi pankhani yosamalira madzi, dziko la Netherlands silili kutali kwambiri ndi mayiko ena.
Kotero lero, mkonzi adzakulankhulani za momwe mafakitale a zimbudzi ku Netherlands amakonzedwera ndikusinthidwa munthawi ya carbon neutral.
Lingaliro la madzi otayira ku Netherlands - chimango cha NEWS
Dziko la Netherlands, lomwe lili m'mphepete mwa mtsinje wa Rhine, Maas ndi Scheldt, ndi dziko lotsika.
Monga katswiri woteteza zachilengedwe, nthawi iliyonse ndikatchula za Holland, chinthu choyamba chomwe chimandibwerera m'maganizo ndi Delft University of Technology.
Makamaka, Kluvyer Biotechnology Laboratory yake ndi yotchuka padziko lonse lapansi chifukwa cha zomwe yachita muukadaulo wa uinjiniya wa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Ukadaulo wambiri wokhudza kuyeretsa zinyalala zomwe tikudziwa tsopano umachokera kuno.
Monga kuchotsa phosphorous ndi phosphorous (BCFS), nitrification yafupipafupi (SHARON), anaerobic ammonium oxidation (ANAMMOX/CANON), aerobic granular sludge (NEREDA), side stream enrichment/mainstream enhanced nitrification (BABE), biological Plastic (PHA) recycling, ndi zina zotero.
Kuphatikiza apo, ukadaulo uwu wapangidwanso ndi Pulofesa Mark van Loosdrecht, womwe adapambana "Mphoto ya Nobel" mumakampani amadzi - Mphoto ya Madzi ya Lee Kuan Yew ku Singapore.
Kale kwambiri, Delft University of Technology inapereka lingaliro la kuyeretsa zinyalala mokhazikika. Mu 2008, bungwe la Netherlands Applied Water Research Foundation linayika lingaliro ili mu dongosolo la "NEWS".
Ndiko kuti, chidule cha mawu akuti Nutrient (zakudya) + Mphamvu (mphamvu) + Madzi (madzi) mafakitale (fakitale), zomwe zikutanthauza kuti chomera chotsukira zinyalala pansi pa lingaliro lokhazikika kwenikweni ndi fakitale yopanga michere itatu, mphamvu ndi madzi obwezerezedwanso.
Zimangochitika kuti mawu oti "NEWS" alinso ndi tanthauzo latsopano, lomwe ndi moyo watsopano komanso tsogolo.
"NKHANI" iyi ndi yabwino bwanji, pansi pa chimango chake, palibe kutayika kulikonse m'njira yachikhalidwe mu zimbudzi:
Zinthu zachilengedwe ndiye chonyamulira mphamvu, chomwe chingagwiritsidwe ntchito kubweza mphamvu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa ntchitoyo ndikukwaniritsa cholinga chogwiritsa ntchito mpweya wopanda kaboni; kutentha komwe kuli m'zimbudzi zokha kumatha kusinthidwa kukhala mphamvu zambiri zotentha/zozizira kudzera mu pampu yotenthetsera madzi, yomwe singothandizire pakugwira ntchito yopanda kaboni, komanso imatha kutumiza kutentha/zozizira kudera. Ichi ndi chomwe chomera chamagetsi chimachita.
Zakudya zomwe zili m'madzi otayira, makamaka phosphorous, zimatha kubwezeretsedwa bwino panthawi yokonza, kotero kuti kusowa kwa phosphorous kuchedwetsedwe kwambiri. Izi ndi zomwe zili mu fakitale yopangira zakudya.
Pambuyo poti zinthu zachilengedwe ndi michere ya m'thupi yabwezeretsedwa, cholinga chachikulu cha njira yachikhalidwe yoyeretsera zinyalala chimamalizidwa, ndipo zinthu zotsalazo ndi madzi obwezeretsedwa omwe timawadziwa bwino. Umu ndi momwe chomera chobwezeretsanso madzi chimakhalira.
Chifukwa chake, dziko la Netherlands linafotokozanso mwachidule njira zoyeretsera zinyalala m'njira zisanu ndi chimodzi zazikulu: ①kuyeretsa zinyalala zisanakonzedwe; ②kuyeretsa koyambira; ③kuyeretsa zinyalala zitakonzedwa; ④kuyeretsa matope;
Zikuoneka zosavuta, koma kwenikweni pali ukadaulo wambiri woti musankhe kumbuyo kwa gawo lililonse la njira, ndipo ukadaulo womwewo ungagwiritsidwenso ntchito m'njira zosiyanasiyana, monga kusintha kwa zinthu ndi kuphatikiza, nthawi zonse mutha kupeza njira yoyenera yoyeretsera zinyalala.
Ngati mukufuna zinthu zomwe zili pamwambapa kuti muyeretse zinyalala zosiyanasiyana, chonde titumizireni uthenga.
cr: Naiyanjun Environmental Protection Hydrosphere
Nthawi yotumizira: Meyi-25-2023