Pofuna kukwaniritsa cholinga chowononga zinthu zonyansa m'zimbudzi, kusankha, kulima, ndi kuphatikiza mabakiteriya a tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi mphamvu yapadera yowononga zimbudzi kuti apange magulu a mabakiteriya ndikukhala mabakiteriya apadera ochiza zimbudzi ndi njira imodzi yotsogola kwambiri paukadaulo wochiza zimbudzi pakadali pano.
Mitundu imayambirakuchokera ku chilengedwe, amalimidwa ndi kupangidwa mwaluso, ndipo potsiriza amabwerera ku chilengedwe kuti akagwire ntchito yokonzanso kayendedwe ka nayitrogeni m'madzi, zomwe zimagwirizana ndi mfundo zosakhala poizoni, zopanda kuipitsa, zopanda kuipitsa kachiwiri, komanso zopanda vuto kwa thupi la munthu. Zingathe kuchotsa bwino ammonia nayitrogeni, BOD, COD, SS, nitrate, sulfate, chroma, fungo, zinthu zoopsa, zoipitsa zinthu zina, ndi zina zotero, popanda kufunikira thandizo la mankhwala oundana ndi oundana.
Ndi chitukuko chachikulu cha chuma cha anthu m'zaka za m'ma 2000, izi zawononga kwambiri chilengedwe ndipo zaika pachiwopsezo thanzi la anthu. Chifukwa chake, njira zotetezera chilengedwe kuti zithetse mitundu yonse ya kuipitsa zikuyang'aniridwa kwambiri. Pakati pa izi, kuchuluka kwa kuipitsa kwa madzi kwayambitsa kusalinganika kwakukulu kwa chilengedwe, ndipo chilengedwe chataya mphamvu yake yoyambirira yodziyeretsa chifukwa cha kuipitsa kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, kuchiza madzi ndi njira yofunika kwambiri yobwezeretsa chilengedwe chachilengedwe.
Pakati pa ambirinjira zoyeretsera madzi akumwa, chithandizo cha zamoyo ndi njira yofunika kwambiri yochizira zinyalala padziko lonse lapansi chifukwa cha njira yake yosavuta, zotsatira zake zodabwitsa, mtengo wotsika, chitetezo chachilengedwe chachilengedwe, komanso kusakhala ndi kuipitsa kwachiwiri. Pakati pa njirazi, njira monga njira ya biofilm, njira ya biological trickle, njira yothira zinyalala kapena kuwonjezera zinthu zamoyo zonse zimagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yowola ya zamoyo kuti zikwaniritse cholinga choyeretsa madzi abwino. Komabe, chithandizo cha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ambiri chomwe chikuchitika pano chimadalira kokha momwe mabakiteriya amagwirira ntchito m'madzi otayira. Chifukwa mitundu ya magwero oipitsa m'madzi otayira amakono ndi ovuta kwambiri, ndipo mitundu ya mabakiteriya achilengedwe omwe amawola zinyalala si yathunthu, ena sayenera kukhalapo, koma osafunikira. Ndi ambiri kwambiri, nthawi zambiri chifukwa kuchuluka kwa mabakiteriya ogwira ntchito sikukwanira kapena mphamvu ya mabakiteriya yowola sikokwanira, ndipo kuthekera kowononga kuipitsa sikwabwino, kotero kuti zotsatira zake sizosavuta kuzilamulira, ndipo nthawi zina zimafunika kudalira mwayi, kotero akatswiri a tizilombo toyambitsa matenda amaphunzira kwambiri pakukula mitundu ya tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi kuwonongeka kwapadera kwa zinthu za zinyalala pankhaniyi.
Mabakiteriya opatsa mphamvu:Mabakiteriya opatsa nitrizing ndi mabakiteriya opatsa nitrizing ndi mabakiteriya opatsa nitrizing. Kukhala m'madzi kapena mchenga m'malo osambira kumatenga gawo lofunika kwambiri pakuyeretsa madzi a nayitrogeni. Kumapezeka kwambiri m'mbali zonse za chilengedwe, kuphatikizapo mpweya, mitsinje, nyanja, ndi nthaka. Pali mabakiteriya ambirimbiri opatsa nitrizing omwe amapezeka mu biology.
Mabakiteriya ochepetsa mphamvu ya thupi:Mabakiteriya ochepetsa mphamvu ya madzi ndi mabakiteriya omwe amayambitsa kuwononga madzi. Ambiri mwa iwo ndi mabakiteriya a heterotrophic ndi facultative anaerobic, monga mabakiteriya ochepetsa mphamvu ya madzi, Staphylococcus spp. Pansi pa xenon, amagwiritsa ntchito mpweya womwe uli mu nitric acid kuti aphike zinthu zachilengedwe kuti apeze mphamvu yofunikira pa ntchito zawo. Mabakiteriya ochepetsa mphamvu ya madzi amafalikira kwambiri m'nthaka, manyowa ndi zimbudzi. Nayitrogeni wa nitrate amatha kusinthidwa kukhala mpweya wa nayitrogeni m'malo mwa nayitrogeni wa ammonia, zomwe sizosiyana kwenikweni ndi mabakiteriya ochepetsa mphamvu ya madzi. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pokonza zimbudzi, monga kukonza madzi akumaloko, kukonza mitsinje ya m'mizinda, kukonza ulimi wa m'madzi, ndi zina zotero. Pakati pawo, kukonza zimbudzi za m'madzi ndi komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.
Mitundu ya compound yokhudza nitrification ndi denitrification: mitundu ya compound yokhala ndi ntchito ziwiri za nitrification ndi denitrification. Pankhani ya malo ovuta kwambiri ochizira zinyalala, zimakhala zovuta kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu ya nitrifying kapena denitrification yokha kuti mupeze mulingo woyenera wa mabakiteriya. Chiŵerengero cha kulamulira kwa mabizinesi ambiri pa kuipitsa sicholondola, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zinyalala kapena kusowa kwa zinthu zambiri za mabakiteriya, ndipo zimakhala zovuta kupeza zotsatira zabwino kwambiri zochizira zinyalala. Mabakiteriya a compound amatha kudzichulukitsa okha malinga ndi mtundu wa madzi kuti akwaniritse mulingo woyenera wa mabakiteriya, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ntchito yochizira zinyalala ikhale yosavuta komanso yogwira mtima.
Ukadaulo wochotsa zinyalala zopanda matope umathandiza kuthetsa ululu wa kutayikira kwa zinyalala mu njira yochotsera zinyalala nthawi imodzi.
Ndi kuchotsa mwamphamvu kwambiri kwa BOD, COD, SS, ammonia nayitrogeni, phosphorous ndi zoipitsa zina, kuchuluka kogwira ntchito kumakhala kopitilira 90-95%. Kutuluka kwa madzi kuchokera ku thanki yachiwiri ya sedimentation kumatha kukwaniritsa mwachindunji muyezo wa dziko lonse wa kalasi yoyamba A kapena miyezo yofanana nayo. Pa utoto ndi utoto ndi kumaliza madzi otayira ndi madzi ena otayira omwe ali ndi utoto wovuta kuchotsa, amatha kusinthidwa mwachindunji akayikidwa. Ali ndi mphamvu yodabwitsa yochotsera fungo loipa, ndipo ali ndi mphamvu yayikulu yochotsera NH3, P, H2S ndi ma organic acid.
Kuberekana bwino kwambiri komanso kusinthasintha, kukweza majini, kumatha kuthana ndi zovuta za zinyalala mtsogolo. Kuwonongeka kwa zinthu zoipitsa zopangidwa monga mankhwala ophera tizilombo, ma polychlorinated biphenyls, ma plasticizers, sopo wopangira, ndi mapulasitiki opangidwa ndi biosynthetic. Kumaletsa mavairasi, majeremusi ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Kumaletsa kuberekana kwa algae, kuyeretsa madzi ndi mtundu wa madzi. Kuchotsa kuipitsa kwa zitsulo zolemera m'zinyalala zapakhomo, monga zinc, manganese, chitsulo, chromium…ndi zina zotero.Mitundu ya mankhwala ochotsa zinyalalaNdi zosavuta kulima, kuberekana mwachangu, kusinthasintha kwambiri ku chilengedwe ndi kusintha kwachilengedwe. Mankhwala atsopano oipitsa akangowonekera, amathanso kupanga ma enzyme atsopano pang'onopang'ono kudzera mwachibadwa kapena kuyambitsa, ndi kagayidwe katsopano ka thupi. amagwira ntchito yowononga kapena kusintha mankhwala atsopano.
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Nthawi yotumizira: Julayi-22-2022