Kusamalira zinyalala pogwiritsa ntchito tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kumatanthauza kuyika mitundu yambiri ya tizilombo toyambitsa matenda m'zinyalala, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale chilengedwe chogwirizana m'madzi okha, momwe mulibe zinthu zowononga, opanga, ndi ogula okha. Zoipitsa zitha kuchiritsidwa ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito bwino, motero maunyolo ambiri azakudya amatha kupangidwa, ndikupanga chilengedwe chophatikizana cha chakudya. Dongosolo labwino komanso lokhazikika lazachilengedwe lingakhazikitsidwe ngati kuchuluka ndi mphamvu zoyenera zikusungidwa pakati pa milingo ya trophic. Pamene kuchuluka kwa zinyalala kulowa m'chilengedwechi, zoipitsa zachilengedwe zomwe zili mmenemo sizimangowonongeka ndi kuyeretsedwa ndi mabakiteriya ndi bowa, komanso zinthu zomaliza zomwe zimawonongeka, mankhwala ena osapangidwa, amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati magwero a kaboni, magwero a nayitrogeni ndi magwero a phosphorous, ndipo mphamvu ya dzuwa imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati gwero loyamba la mphamvu. , kutenga nawo mbali mu kagayidwe kachakudya mu ukonde wa chakudya, ndipo pang'onopang'ono amasamuka ndikusintha kuchoka pamlingo wotsika wa trophic kupita pamlingo wapamwamba wa trophic, ndipo pamapeto pake amasanduka mbewu zam'madzi, nsomba, nkhanu, nkhono, atsekwe, abakha ndi zinthu zina zapamwamba zamoyo, ndipo kudzera munthawi zonse za anthu, Tengani ndikuwonjezera njira zosungira bwino chilengedwe cha m'madzi, kuwonjezera kukongola ndi chilengedwe cha m'madzi, ndikukwaniritsa cholinga choletsa ndikuwongolera kufalikira kwa madzi m'madzi.
1. Kusamalira zimbudzi pogwiritsa ntchito tizilombo toyambitsa matendaAmachotsa makamaka zinthu zoipitsa zachilengedwe (BOD, COD) zomwe zili mu colloidal ndi solved mu zimbudzi, ndipo kuchuluka kwa zochotsa kumatha kufika pa 90%, kotero kuti zinthu zoipitsa zachilengedwe zimatha kukwaniritsa muyezo wotulutsira.
(1) BOD (kufunikira kwa mpweya wa biochemical), komwe ndi "kufunika kwa mpweya wa biochemical" kapena "kufunika kwa mpweya wa biological", ndi chizindikiro chosalunjika cha kuchuluka kwa zinthu zachilengedwe m'madzi. Kawirikawiri imatanthauza gawo la zinthu zachilengedwe zomwe zimasungunuka mosavuta zomwe zili mu 1L ya zimbudzi kapena chitsanzo cha madzi chomwe chiyenera kuyesedwa. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tikamasungunuka ndikuwola, mpweya wosungunuka m'madzi umadyedwa mu ma milligram (gawo ndi mg/L). Miyezo ya BOD nthawi zambiri imayikidwa pa 20 °C kwa masiku 5 ndi usiku, kotero chizindikiro cha BOD5 chimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri.
(2) COD (chemical oxygen demand) ndi chemical oxygen demand, yomwe ndi chizindikiro chosavuta cha kuchuluka kwa zinthu zachilengedwe m'madzi. (yuniti ndi mg/L). Ma oxidants omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi K2Cr2O7 kapena KMnO4. Pakati pawo, K2Cr2O7 imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, ndipo COD yoyezedwa imayimiridwa ndi "COD Cr".
2. Kuchiza tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Zimbudzi zitha kugawidwa m'magulu awiri: njira yochizira matenda a aerobic ndi njira yochizira matenda a anaerobic malinga ndi momwe mpweya ulili panthawi yochizira.
1. Njira yothandizira aerobic
Pansi pa mikhalidwe yokhudzana ndi aerobic, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timayamwa zinthu zachilengedwe m'chilengedwe, kuzisakaniza ndi kuziwononga kukhala zinthu zopanda organic, kuyeretsa zimbudzi, ndi kupanga zinthu zamaselo nthawi imodzi. Mu ndondomeko yoyeretsa zimbudzi, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timakhalapo mu mawonekedwe a matope oyambitsidwa ndi zigawo zazikulu za biofilm.
Njira iyi ndi njira yochizira matenda pogwiritsa ntchito biofilm ngati chinthu chachikulu choyeretsera. Biofilm ndi nembanemba ya mucous yolumikizidwa pamwamba pa chonyamulira ndipo makamaka imapangidwa ndi mabakiteriya. Ntchito ya biofilm ndi yofanana ndi ya matope oyambitsidwa mu njira yothira madzi, ndipo kapangidwe kake ka tizilombo toyambitsa matenda nakonso n'kofanana. Mfundo yaikulu yoyeretsera madzi a m'nyanja ndi kulowetsedwa ndi kuwonongeka kwa okosijeni kwa zinthu zachilengedwe m'madzi a m'nyanja ndi biofilm yolumikizidwa pamwamba pa chonyamulira. Malinga ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zolumikizirana pakati pa sing'anga ndi madzi, njira ya biofilm imaphatikizapo njira ya biological turntable ndi njira ya tower biological filter.
3. Njira yothandizira anaerobic
Pansi pa mikhalidwe ya mpweya woipa, njira yogwiritsira ntchito mabakiteriya osagwira ntchito (kuphatikizapo mabakiteriya osagwira ntchito osagwira ntchito) kuti awononge zinthu zonyansa m'madzi am'madzi am'madzi imatchedwanso kuti anaerobic digestion kapena anaerobic fermentation. Chifukwa chakuti fermentation imapanga methane, imatchedwanso methane fermentation. Njirayi singathe kungochotsa kuipitsa chilengedwe kokha, komanso kupanga bio-energy, kotero anthu amasamala kwambiri. Anaerobic fermentation ya madzi am'madzi am'madzi am'madzi ndi njira yovuta kwambiri yachilengedwe, yomwe imaphatikizapo magulu osiyanasiyana a mabakiteriya, iliyonse imafuna zinthu zosiyanasiyana ndi mikhalidwe, kupanga njira yovuta yachilengedwe. Methane fermentation imaphatikizapo magawo atatu: gawo la liquefaction, kupanga haidrojeni ndi gawo la kupanga acetic acid ndi gawo la kupanga methane.
Kusamalira zinyalala kungagawidwe m'magulu awiri: koyamba, kachiwiri ndi katatu malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa chithandizo.
Chithandizo choyamba: Chimachotsa makamaka zinthu zoipitsa zomwe zili m'zimbudzi, ndipo njira zambiri zochizira thupi zimangokwaniritsa zofunikira za chithandizo choyamba. Pambuyo pochiza zimbudzi koyamba, BOD nthawi zambiri imatha kuchotsedwa ndi pafupifupi 30%, zomwe sizikugwirizana ndi muyezo wotulutsira madzi. Chithandizo choyamba ndi cha kukonzekera chithandizo chachiwiri.
Njira yoyamba yochizira ndi iyi: zinyalala zosaphika zomwe zadutsa mu gridi yolimba zimakwezedwa ndi pampu yokweza zinyalala - zimadutsa mu gridi kapena sefa - kenako zimalowa mu chipinda cha grit - zinyalala zolekanitsidwa ndi mchenga ndi madzi zimalowa mu thanki yoyamba ya sedimentation, zomwe zili pamwambapa ndi izi: Kukonza koyamba (monga kukonza thupi). Ntchito ya chipinda cha grit ndikuchotsa tinthu tosapangidwa ndi zinthu zachilengedwe zomwe zimakhala ndi mphamvu yayikulu yokoka. Zipinda za grit zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi zipinda za advection grit, zipinda za grit zolowa ndi mpweya, zipinda za Dole grit ndi zipinda za grit zamtundu wa belu.
Chithandizo chachiwiri: Chimachotsa makamaka zinthu zoipitsa za colloidal ndi organic (BOD, COD) m'madzi otayira, ndipo kuchuluka kwa zoipitsa za organic kumatha kufika pa 90%, kotero kuti zinthu zoipitsa za organic zitha kukwaniritsa muyezo wotulutsira madzi.
Njira yachiwiri yochizira ndi iyi: madzi otuluka kuchokera mu thanki yoyamba ya sedimentation amalowa mu zida zochizira zamoyo, kuphatikizapo njira yothira madzi yoyambitsidwa ndi njira ya biofilm, (choyatsira cha njira yothira madzi yoyambitsidwa chimaphatikizapo thanki yolowetsa mpweya, ngalande ya okosijeni, ndi zina zotero. Njira ya biofilm imaphatikizapo thanki yothira madzi ya Biological, turntable ya biological, njira yothira madzi yokhudzana ndi biological ndi bed ya biological fluidized), madzi otuluka kuchokera mu zida zochizira zamoyo amalowa mu thanki yachiwiri ya sedimentation, ndipo madzi otuluka mu thanki yachiwiri ya sedimentation amatulutsidwa pambuyo pothira madzi kapena kulowa mu tertiary treatment.
Chithandizo chapamwamba: makamaka chimagwira ntchito ndi zinthu zachilengedwe zosagwira ntchito, zinthu zosasungunuka monga nayitrogeni ndi phosphorous zomwe zingayambitse
Njira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi monga kuyeretsa madzi m'thupi la madzi ndi kuchotsa phosphorous, kutsekeka kwa madzi m'nthaka, njira yoyezera kuchuluka kwa mchenga, njira yoyezera mpweya wopangidwa ndi mpweya, njira yosinthira ma ion ndi njira yowunikira ma electroosmosis.
Njira yochizira matenda a tertiary ndi iyi: gawo la matope omwe ali mu thanki yachiwiri ya sedimentation amabwezeretsedwa ku thanki yoyamba ya sedimentation kapena zida zochizira matenda achilengedwe, ndipo gawo la matopewo limalowa mu thanki yokhuthala ya matope, kenako limalowa mu thanki yogaya madzi. Pambuyo pochotsa madzi ndi kuumitsa zida, matopewo amachotsedwa ntchito.
Kaya ndi wogula watsopano kapena wogula wakale, timakhulupirira kapangidwe kapadera ka mabakiteriya owononga ammonia kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito pochiza madzi ku China, kukulitsa kwa mabakiteriya oyambitsa aerobic komanso ubale wodalirika, timalandira makasitomala atsopano ndi akale kuti atilankhule pafoni yam'manja kapena kutitumizira imelo kuti atifunse kuti tikhazikitse mabungwe abizinesi anthawi yayitali komanso kuti tipambane mofanana.
Chithandizo cha Mankhwala a Madzi OtayidwaKapangidwe Kapadera ka Mabakiteriya ku China, Wothandizira Kuchiza Madzi a Bakiteriya, monga antchito ophunzira bwino, opanga zinthu zatsopano komanso osinthasintha, takhala tikuyang'anira zinthu zonse zokhudzana ndi kafukufuku, kapangidwe, kupanga, kugulitsa ndi kugawa. Mwa kufufuza ndi kupanga ukadaulo watsopano, sitingotsatira kokha komanso tikutsogolera makampani opanga mafashoni. Timamvetsera mosamala mayankho a makasitomala ndikupereka kulumikizana mwachangu. Mudzamva nthawi yomweyo ukatswiri wathu komanso ntchito yathu yosamala.
Nthawi yotumizira: Juni-11-2022