Polypropylene glycol (PPG)ndi polima yopanda ionic yomwe imapezeka popolima ya propylene oxide yomwe imatsegula mphete. Ili ndi zinthu zofunika monga kusungunuka kwa madzi kosinthika, kukhuthala kwakukulu, kukhazikika kwamphamvu kwa mankhwala, komanso poizoni wochepa. Kugwiritsa ntchito kwake kumakhudza mafakitale ambiri, kuphatikiza mankhwala, mankhwala, mankhwala a tsiku ndi tsiku, chakudya, ndi mafakitale. Ma PPG a kulemera kosiyanasiyana kwa mamolekyulu (nthawi zambiri kuyambira 200 mpaka kupitirira 10,000) amasonyeza kusiyana kwakukulu kwa magwiridwe antchito. Ma PPG otsika-molekyulu (monga PPG-200 ndi 400) amasungunuka kwambiri m'madzi ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati zosungunulira ndi mapulasitiki. Ma PPG apakati ndi apamwamba-molekyulu (monga PPG-1000 ndi 2000) amasungunuka kwambiri mafuta kapena theka-lolimba ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka mu emulsification ndi elastomer synthesis. Izi ndi kusanthula kwatsatanetsatane kwa madera akuluakulu ogwiritsira ntchito:
1. Makampani a Polyurethane (PU): Chimodzi mwa Zipangizo Zazikulu
PPG ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri popanga zinthu zopangidwa ndi polyurethane. Pochita zinthu ndi isocyanates (monga MDI ndi TDI) ndikuziphatikiza ndi zowonjezera unyolo, zimatha kupanga mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zinthu za PU, zomwe zimaphatikizapo mitundu yonse ya thovu lofewa mpaka lolimba:
Ma elastomer a polyurethane: PPG-1000-4000 amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) ndi cast polyurethane elastomers (CPU). Ma elastomer awa amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu nsapato (monga ma cushioning midsoles a nsapato zamasewera), zosindikizira zamakina, malamba otumizira, ndi ma catheter azachipatala (ogwirizana bwino kwambiri). Amapereka kukana kukwawa, kukana kung'ambika, komanso kusinthasintha.
Zomatira/zomatira za polyurethane: PPG imathandizira kusinthasintha, kukana madzi, komanso kumamatira kwa zomatira ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito mu utoto wa OEM wamagalimoto, utoto wotsutsana ndi dzimbiri wa mafakitale, ndi zomatira zamatabwa. Mu zomatira, zimawonjezera mphamvu yomangirira komanso kukana nyengo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pazitsulo zomangirira, mapulasitiki, zikopa, ndi zipangizo zina.
2. Mankhwala a Tsiku ndi Tsiku ndi Chisamaliro Chaumwini: Zowonjezera Zogwira Ntchito
PPG, chifukwa cha kufatsa kwake, mphamvu zake zopanga emulsifying, komanso mphamvu zake zopatsa chinyezi, imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri posamalira khungu, zodzoladzola, sopo, ndi zinthu zina. Zinthu zosiyanasiyana zolemera mamolekyulu zimakhala ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana:
Zosakaniza ndi Zosungunulira: PPG yolemera pang'ono ya molekyulu (monga PPG-600 ndi PPG-1000) nthawi zambiri imaphatikizidwa ndi mafuta acids ndi ma esters ngati emulsifier yopanda ionic mu mafuta, mafuta odzola, ma shampu, ndi zina, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti machitidwe amadzi amafuta azikhazikika komanso kupewa kulekanitsidwa. PPG yolemera pang'ono ya molekyulu (monga PPG-200) ingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati chosungunulira, kuthandiza kusungunula zosakaniza zosungunuka ndi mafuta monga zonunkhira ndi mafuta ofunikira muzosakaniza zamadzi.
Zonyowetsa ndi Zokometsera: PPG-400 ndi PPG-600 zimapereka mphamvu yonyowetsa pang'ono komanso zimatsitsimula, osati mafuta. Zitha kusintha glycerin mu ma toners ndi serums, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zinthu zisamayende bwino. Mu zokometsera, zimatha kuchepetsa mphamvu yosasunthika ndikuwonjezera kusalala kwa tsitsi. Zowonjezera Zotsuka: Mu ma shawa gels ndi sopo wamanja, PPG imatha kusintha kukhuthala kwa formula, kulimbitsa kukhazikika kwa thovu, ndikuchepetsa kuyabwa kwa ma surfactants. Mu mano otsukira mano, imagwira ntchito ngati humectant komanso thickener, kuletsa phala kuti lisaume ndi kusweka.
3. Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mankhwala ndi Zachipatala: Kugwiritsa Ntchito Chitetezo Chapamwamba
Chifukwa cha poizoni wake wochepa komanso kusagwirizana kwake bwino ndi mankhwala (kogwirizana ndi USP, EP, ndi miyezo ina ya mankhwala), PPG imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga mankhwala ndi zipangizo zachipatala.
Zonyamula Mankhwala ndi Zosungunulira: PPG yolemera pang'ono (monga PPG-200 ndi PPG-400) ndi chosungunulira chabwino kwambiri cha mankhwala osasungunuka bwino ndipo chingagwiritsidwe ntchito m'mapiritsi opatsirana ndi jakisoni (chofuna kuwongolera mosamala kuyera ndi kuchotsa zonyansa zochepa), kukonza kusungunuka kwa mankhwala ndi kupezeka kwa bioavailability. Kuphatikiza apo, PPG ingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati maziko a suppository kuti iwonjezere kutulutsa kwa mankhwala.
Kusintha kwa Zinthu Zachipatala: Mu zinthu za polyurethane zachipatala (monga mitsempha yamagazi yopangidwa, ma valve amtima, ndi ma catheter amkodzo), PPG imatha kusintha momwe zinthuzo zimakhalira ndi madzi komanso momwe zimagwirizanirana ndi thupi, kuchepetsa chitetezo cha mthupi komanso kukonza kusinthasintha kwa zinthuzo komanso kukana dzimbiri m'magazi. Zinthu Zothandizira Mankhwala: PPG ingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati gawo loyambira mu mafuta odzola ndi mafuta odzola kuti mankhwala alowe pakhungu ndipo ndi yoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala apakhungu (monga mafuta odzola oletsa mabakiteriya ndi ma steroid).
4. Mafuta ndi Makina Opangira Mafuta: Mafuta Ogwira Ntchito Kwambiri
PPG imapereka mafuta abwino kwambiri, mphamvu zoletsa kusweka, komanso kukana kutentha kwambiri komanso kotsika. Imagwirizananso kwambiri ndi mafuta a mchere ndi zowonjezera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale chinthu chofunikira kwambiri popanga mafuta opangidwa.
Mafuta a Hydraulic ndi Gear: Ma PPG apakati komanso okwera kwambiri (monga PPG-1000 ndi 2000) angagwiritsidwe ntchito kupanga madzi a hydraulic oletsa kusweka oyenera makina a hydraulic opanikizika kwambiri mu makina omanga ndi zida zamakina. Amasunga kusinthasintha kwabwino ngakhale kutentha kochepa. Mu mafuta a gear, amawonjezera mphamvu zoletsa kugwidwa ndi kusweka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zida zizikhala ndi moyo wautali.
Mafuta Opangira Zitsulo: PPG ingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati chowonjezera mu mafuta opangira zitsulo ndi opera, kupereka mafuta, kuziziritsa, ndi kupewa dzimbiri, kuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwa zida ndikuwongolera kulondola kwa makina. Imathanso kuwonongeka (ma PPG ena osinthidwa amakwaniritsa kufunikira kwa madzi odulira osawononga chilengedwe). Mafuta Opangira Zapadera: Mafuta ogwiritsira ntchito m'malo otentha kwambiri, opanikizika kwambiri, kapena apadera (monga malo okhala ndi acidic ndi alkaline), monga zida zam'mlengalenga ndi mapampu a mankhwala ndi ma valve, amatha kusintha mafuta amchere achikhalidwe ndikuwonjezera kudalirika kwa zida.
5. Kukonza Chakudya: Zowonjezera Zapamwamba pa Chakudya
Zakudya zovomerezeka ndi FDA (Food-grade PPG) zimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka popangira emulsification, defoaming, ndi moisturizing mu kukonza chakudya:
Kusakaniza ndi Kukhazikika: Mu mkaka (monga ayisikilimu ndi kirimu) ndi zinthu zophikidwa (monga makeke ndi buledi), PPG imagwira ntchito ngati emulsifier kuti isapatule mafuta ndikuwonjezera kufanana kwa kapangidwe ka chinthucho ndi kukoma kwake. Mu zakumwa, imakhazikitsa kukoma ndi utoto kuti isapatule.
Chotsukira Chofewa: Mu njira zophikira chakudya (monga kupanga mowa ndi soya sauce) komanso kukonza madzi, PPG imagwira ntchito ngati chotsukira chofewa choletsa thovu ndikuwonjezera mphamvu yopangira popanda kusokoneza kukoma.
Chonyowetsa: Mu makeke ndi maswiti, PPG imagwira ntchito ngati mafuta onyowetsa kuti isaume ndi kusweka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti nthawi yosungiramo zinthu ipitirire.
6. Madera Ena: Kusintha kwa Ntchito ndi Ntchito Zothandizira
Zophimba ndi Inki: Kuwonjezera pa zophimba za polyurethane, PPG ingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati chosinthira ma resini a alkyd ndi epoxy, ndikuwonjezera kusinthasintha kwawo, kusinthasintha, komanso kukana madzi. Mu inki, imatha kusintha kukhuthala ndikuwonjezera kusindikizidwa (monga inki yotsekedwa ndi gravure).
Zothandizira pa nsalu: Zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chomaliza komanso chofewetsa nsalu, zimachepetsa kusungunuka kwa nsalu komanso zimawonjezera kufewa. Popaka utoto ndi kumaliza, zingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati cholemeretsa kuti ziwongolere kufalikira kwa utoto ndikuwonjezera kufanana kwa utoto.
Zotsukira ndi Zotsukira: Pakupanga mankhwala (monga kupanga mapepala ndi kukonza madzi otayira), PPG ingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati chotsukira kuti ichepetse thovu panthawi yopanga. Pakupanga mafuta, ingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati chotsukira kuti ithandize kulekanitsa mafuta osakonzedwa ndi madzi, motero kuwonjezera kuchira kwa mafuta. Mfundo Zofunikira Pakugwiritsa Ntchito: Kugwiritsa ntchito PPG kumafuna kuganizira mosamala kulemera kwa mamolekyulu (monga, kulemera kochepa kwa mamolekyulu kumayang'ana kwambiri zosungunulira ndi kunyowetsa, pomwe kulemera kwapakati ndi kwakukulu kwa mamolekyulu kumayang'ana kwambiri pa emulsification ndi mafuta) ndi mtundu wa chiyero (zinthu zotsukira kwambiri zimakondedwa m'mafakitale azakudya ndi mankhwala, pomwe magiredi wamba amatha kusankhidwa kutengera zosowa zamafakitale). Ntchito zina zimafunikanso kusintha (monga, kulumikiza kapena kulumikiza) kuti ziwongolere magwiridwe antchito (monga, kuwonjezera kukana kutentha ndi kuchedwa kwa moto). Chifukwa cha kufunikira kwakukulu kwa chitetezo cha chilengedwe komanso magwiridwe antchito apamwamba, madera ogwiritsira ntchito PPG yosinthidwa (monga, PPG yochokera ku bio ndi PPG yosinthika) akukulirakulira.
Nthawi yotumizira: Okutobala-29-2025