ChiduleKupanga madzi otayira mapepala makamaka kumachokera ku njira ziwiri zopangira pulping ndi papermaking mumakampani opanga mapepala. Pulping ndi kulekanitsa ulusi ndi zinthu zopangira zomera, kupanga pulp, kenako n’kuipukuta. Njirayi imapanga madzi otayira ambiri opangira mapepala; kupanga mapepala ndi kusungunula, kupanga mawonekedwe, kukanikiza, ndikuumitsa pulp kuti apange pepala. Njirayi imapanganso madzi otayira mapepala. Madzi otayira ambiri omwe amapangidwa panthawi yopaka ndi mowa wakuda ndi mowa wofiira, ndipo kupanga mapepala kumapanga madzi oyera.
Zinthu Zazikulu 1. Madzi otayira ambiri. 2. Madzi otayira ali ndi zinthu zambiri zolimba zomwe zimapachikidwa, makamaka inki, ulusi, zodzaza ndi zowonjezera. 3. SS, COD, BOD ndi zinthu zina zoipitsa madzi otayira ndi zambiri, kuchuluka kwa COD kuli kokwera kuposa BOD, ndipo mtundu wake ndi wakuda.
Ndondomeko ya chithandizo ndi njira yothetsera mavuto. 1. Njira ya chithandizo Njira yochiritsira yomwe ilipo pano imagwiritsa ntchito njira yochizira yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito anaerobic, aerobic, physical and chemical coagulation komanso sedimentation process combination process.
Njira Yoyeretsera ndi Kuyenda kwa Madzi: Madzi otayira akalowa mu dongosolo loyeretsera madzi otayira, amayamba kudutsa mu chidebe cha zinyalala kuti achotse zinyalala zazikulu, amalowa mu dziwe la gridi kuti agwirizane, amalowa mu thanki yolumikizira, ndikupanga coagulation reaction powonjezera polyaluminum chloride ndi polyacrylamide. Akalowa mu flotation, SS ndi gawo la BOD ndi COD m'madzi otayira amachotsedwa. Dothi loyandama limalowa mu anaerobic ndi aerobic two-step biochemical therapy kuti achotse BOD ndi COD yambiri m'madzi. Pambuyo pa thanki yachiwiri ya sedimentation, COD ndi chromaticity ya madzi otayira sizikukwaniritsa miyezo ya dziko yotulutsa mpweya. Kulumikizana kwa mankhwala kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonzanso kuti madzi otayira akwaniritse miyezo yotulutsa mpweya kapena akwaniritse miyezo yotulutsa mpweya.
Mavuto ndi Mayankho Ofala 1) COD imaposa muyezo. Madzi otayidwa akakonzedwa ndi mankhwala a anaerobic ndi aerobic biochemical, COD ya madzi otayira sakukwaniritsa miyezo yotulutsa mpweya. Yankho: Gwiritsani ntchito COD yowononga COD yogwira ntchito bwino kwambiri pochiza. Onjezani m'madzi muyeso winawake ndikuchitapo kanthu kwa mphindi 30.
2) Chromaticity ndi COD zonse zimaposa muyezo Madzi otayidwa akakonzedwa ndi mankhwala a anaerobic ndi aerobic biochemical, COD ya madzi otayira sakukwaniritsa miyezo yotulutsa mpweya. Yankho: Onjezani flocculation decolorizer yogwira ntchito bwino kwambiri, sakanizani ndi decolorizer yogwira ntchito bwino kwambiri, ndipo potsiriza gwiritsani ntchito polyacrylamide pochotsa flocculation ndi mvula, kulekanitsa madzi olimba ndi olimba.
3) Ammonia yambiri nayitrogeni Nayitrogeni ya ammonia yotuluka singathe kukwaniritsa zofunikira pakali pano zotulutsa mpweya. Yankho: Onjezani chochotsera nayitrogeni ya ammonia, sakanizani kapena perekani mpweya ndikusakaniza, ndipo chitanipo kanthu kwa mphindi 6. Mu mphero ya pepala, nayitrogeni ya ammonia yotuluka mpweya ndi pafupifupi 40ppm, ndipo muyezo wa ammonia nitrogen wotulutsa mpweya uli pansi pa 15ppm, womwe sungakwaniritse zofunikira zotulutsa mpweya zomwe zafotokozedwa ndi malamulo oteteza chilengedwe.
Pomaliza, kukonza madzi otayira mapepala kuyenera kuyang'ana kwambiri pakukweza kuchuluka kwa madzi obwezeretsanso, kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito madzi ndi kutulutsa madzi otayira, ndipo nthawi yomweyo, kuyenera kufufuza mwachangu njira zosiyanasiyana zodalirika, zotsika mtengo komanso zochizira madzi otayira zomwe zingagwiritse ntchito bwino zinthu zothandiza m'madzi otayira. Mwachitsanzo: njira yoyandama imatha kubwezeretsa zinthu zolimba za ulusi m'madzi oyera, ndi kuchuluka kobwezeretsa mpaka 95%, ndipo madzi oyeretsedwa amatha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito; njira yoyatsira madzi otayira moto imatha kubwezeretsa sodium hydroxide, sodium sulfide, sodium sulfate ndi mchere wina wa sodium wophatikizidwa ndi zinthu zachilengedwe m'madzi akuda. Njira yoyeretsera madzi otayira yopanda mpweya imasintha pH ya madzi otayira; coagulation sedimentation kapena flotation imatha kuchotsa tinthu tambiri ta SS m'madzi otayira; njira yothira mankhwala imatha kusintha mtundu; njira yochizira yachilengedwe imatha kuchotsa BOD ndi COD, zomwe zimathandiza kwambiri pamadzi otayira a kraft paper. Kuphatikiza apo, palinso njira zosinthira reverse osmosis, ultrafiltration, electrodialysis ndi njira zina zochizira madzi otayira mapepala zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kunyumba ndi kunja.
Nthawi yotumizira: Januwale-17-2025