FlocculantKawirikawiri amatchedwa "industrial panacea", yomwe imagwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Monga njira yolimbikitsira kulekanitsa madzi olimba ndi olimba m'munda wa kuyeretsa madzi, ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kulimbitsa kutayikira kwa madzi otayira, kuyeretsa madzi oyandama ndi kuyeretsa kwachiwiri pambuyo pa njira yoyatsira madzi otayira. Ingagwiritsidwenso ntchito pochiza madzi otayira kapena kuyeretsa madzi otayira. Pochiza madzi, nthawi zambiri pamakhala zinthu zina zomwe zimakhudza mphamvu ya kugayidwa kwa madzi (mlingo wa mankhwala), zinthuzi zimakhala zovuta kwambiri, kuphatikizapo kutentha kwa madzi, pH ndi alkalinity, mtundu ndi kuchuluka kwa zonyansa m'madzi, mikhalidwe yosungira madzi akunja, ndi zina zotero.
1. Mphamvu ya kutentha kwa madzi
Kutentha kwa madzi kumakhudza kwambiri kumwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo, komanso kutentha kochepa kwa madzi m'nyengo yozizira.
Zimakhudza kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimapangitsa kuti ma floc okhala ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono komanso totayirira apangidwe pang'onopang'ono. Zifukwa zazikulu ndi izi:
Kuchuluka kwa madzi m'madzi otchedwa inorganic salt coagulants kumachitika chifukwa cha endothermic reaction, ndipo kuchuluka kwa madzi m'madzi otchedwa temperature coagulants kumakhala kovuta.
Kukhuthala kwa madzi otentha kwambiri ndi kwakukulu, zomwe zimafooketsa kayendedwe ka Brownian ka tinthu tosayera mu
Kumathandiza kuti madzi asamagwire bwino ntchito komanso kuchepetsa mwayi wogundana, zomwe sizingathandize kuti ma colloid asamayende bwino komanso kuti asamakhale bwino komanso zimakhudza kukula kwa ma floc.
Kutentha kwa madzi kukakhala kochepa, madzi okwanira a tinthu ta colloidal amawonjezeka, zomwe zimalepheretsa mgwirizano wa tinthu ta colloidal, komanso zimakhudza mphamvu yomatirira pakati pa tinthu ta colloidal.
Kutentha kwa madzi kumagwirizana ndi pH ya madzi. Kutentha kwa madzi kukakhala kochepa, pH ya madzi imawonjezeka, ndipo pH yoyenera yolumikizirana nayonso imawonjezeka. Chifukwa chake, m'nyengo yozizira m'madera ozizira, zimakhala zovuta kupeza mphamvu yabwino yolumikizirana ngakhale atawonjezera coagulant yambiri.
2. pH ndi Alkalinity
pH value ndi chizindikiro cha ngati madzi ali ndi acid kapena alkaline, kutanthauza kuti, chizindikiro cha kuchuluka kwa H+ m'madzi. pH value ya madzi osaphika imakhudza mwachindunji momwe hydrolysis reaction ya coagulant imagwirira ntchito, ndiko kuti, pamene pH ya madzi osaphika ili mkati mwa mtundu winawake, mphamvu ya coagulation imatha kutsimikizika.
Pamene coagulant iwonjezeredwa m'madzi, kuchuluka kwa H+ m'madzi kumawonjezeka chifukwa cha hydrolysis ya coagulant, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pH ya madzi itsike ndikulepheretsa hydrolysis. Kuti pH ikhale mkati mwa mulingo woyenera, madziwo ayenera kukhala ndi zinthu zokwanira za alkaline kuti achepetse H+. Madzi achilengedwe ali ndi mulingo winawake wa alkaline (nthawi zambiri HCO3-), womwe ungachepetse H+ yomwe imapangidwa panthawi ya hydrolysis ya coagulant, ndipo umakhudza pH. Ngati alkaline ya madzi osaphika sikokwanira kapena coagulant yawonjezeredwa kwambiri, pH ya madzi imatsika kwambiri, zomwe zimawononga mphamvu ya coagulant.
3. Mphamvu ya mtundu ndi kuchuluka kwa zonyansa m'madzi
Kukula kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono ndi mphamvu ya SS m'madzi zimakhudza mphamvu ya kugawanika kwa tinthu. Kawirikawiri, kukula kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono ndi kochepa komanso kofanana, ndipo mphamvu ya kugawanika kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono ndi yotsika; kuchuluka kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono m'madzi ndi kochepa, ndipo mwayi woti tinthu tating'onoting'ono tigunde ndi wochepa, zomwe sizili bwino kuti tigawanikane; pamene kukhuthala kuli kwakukulu, kuti tilepheretse kukhazikika kwa colloid m'madzi, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ofunikira kudzawonjezeka kwambiri. Pamene pali zinthu zambiri zamoyo m'madzi, zimatha kuyamwa ndi tinthu ta dongo, motero kusintha mawonekedwe a pamwamba pa tinthu ta colloidal toyambirira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti tinthu ta colloidal tikhale olimba, zomwe zidzakhudza kwambiri mphamvu ya kugawanika kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono. Panthawiyi, oxidant iyenera kuwonjezeredwa m'madzi kuti iwononge mphamvu ya zinthu zamoyo, komanso kuti iwonjezere mphamvu ya kugawanika kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono.
Mchere wosungunuka m'madzi ungakhudzenso momwe madzi amaundana. Mwachitsanzo, ngati pali calcium ndi magnesium ions zambiri m'madzi achilengedwe, zimakhala bwino kuti madzi amaundana, pomwe Cl- yambiri siimapangitsa kuti madzi amaundana. Munthawi ya kusefukira kwa madzi, madzi ambiri okhala ndi humus yambiri amalowa m'chomera chifukwa cha kusaka madzi amvula, ndipo mlingo wa pre-chlorination ndi coagulant womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri umachokera pa izi.
4. Mphamvu ya zinthu zosungira madzi akunja
Zinthu zofunika kwambiri kuti tinthu ta colloidal tigwirizane ndi kusokoneza tinthu ta colloidal, komanso kuti tinthu ta colloidal tosakhazikika tizigundana. Ntchito yaikulu ya coagulant ndikusokoneza tinthu ta colloidal, ndipo kugwedezeka kwa hydraulic kwakunja ndikuwonetsetsa kuti tinthu ta colloidal titha kukhudza mokwanira coagulant, kuti tinthu ta colloidal tizigundana kuti tipange ma flocs.
Kuti tinthu ta colloidal tigwirizane mokwanira ndi coagulant, coagulant iyenera kufalikira mwachangu komanso mofanana m'mbali zonse za madzi coagulant ikayikidwa m'madzi, yomwe imadziwika kuti rapid mixing, yomwe imafunika mkati mwa masekondi 10 mpaka 30 ndipo osapitirira mphindi ziwiri.
5. Mphamvu ya mphamvu ya madzi
Kugwedezeka kwa madzi kumatanthauza kugwedezeka kwa madzi kosalekeza kapena kosalekeza kwa madzi osaphika, komwe kumasintha mwadzidzidzi kwambiri. Kugwiritsa ntchito madzi m'mizinda ndi kusintha kwa kuchuluka kwa madzi m'madzi kudzakhudza madzi omwe amalowa m'fakitale, makamaka nthawi yomwe madzi amafika pachimake m'chilimwe, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti madzi omwe amalowa m'fakitale asinthe kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mlingo wa mankhwala usinthe pafupipafupi. Ndipo mphamvu ya madzi ikatha kumira si yabwino kwambiri. Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti kusinthaku sikuwonjezeka molunjika. Pambuyo pake, samalani kuti muwone alum mu thanki yoyankhira, kuti musawononge mphamvu ya kugawanika chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mphamvu.
6. Flocculantnjira zosungira ndalama
Kuwonjezera pa zinthu zomwe zili pamwambapa, palinso njira zina zosungira mankhwala, monga kuwonjezera nthawi yosakaniza mu dziwe lamadzi, kuchepetsa mvula ya tinthu tolimba ta mankhwala, kukhazikika kwa mankhwala, komanso kuchepetsa kumwa mankhwala.
Ngati polyacrylamide ikufuna kusunga ndalama zogwiritsidwa ntchito, ndikofunikira kusankha chitsanzo choyenera. Mfundo yake ndi kusankha polyacrylamide yokhala ndi zotsatira zabwino kwambiri pakuchiza, yokwera mtengo siili yabwino kwenikweni, ndipo musayese kukhala yotsika mtengo kuti muchepetse zotsatira zoyipa pakuchiza madzi otayira, koma kuonjezera mtengo. Sankhani chinthu chomwe sichimangochepetsa chinyezi cha matope, komanso chimachepetsa mlingo wa chinthucho. Chitani zoyeserera za flocculation pa zitsanzo za mankhwala zomwe zaperekedwa, sankhani mitundu iwiri kapena itatu ya mankhwala omwe ali ndi zotsatira zabwino pakuyesa, kenako chitani zoyeserera pamakina motsatana kuti muwone zotsatira zomaliza za matope ndikuzindikira mtundu womaliza wa mankhwala.
Polyacrylamide nthawi zambiri ndi tinthu tolimba. Imafunika kukonzedwa kukhala yankho lamadzi lokhala ndi kusungunuka kwina. Kuchuluka kwake nthawi zambiri kumakhala pakati pa 0.1% ndi 0.3%. Kuchuluka kwambiri kapena kopyapyala kwambiri kumakhudza zotsatira zake, kuwononga mankhwalawo, kuonjezera mtengo, ndikusungunula polymerization ya granular. Madzi a chinthucho ayenera kukhala oyera (monga madzi apampopi), osati zimbudzi. Madzi pa kutentha kwa chipinda ndi okwanira, nthawi zambiri sikufunika kutentha. Kutentha kwa madzi kukakhala kotsika kuposa 5 °C, kusungunuka kumakhala kochedwa kwambiri, ndipo liwiro la kusungunuka limakulitsidwa kutentha kwa madzi kukakwera. Koma pamwamba pa 40 ℃ zidzafulumizitsa kuwonongeka kwa polima ndikukhudza momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito. Nthawi zambiri, madzi apampopi ndi oyenera kukonzekera mayankho a polima. Asidi wamphamvu, alkali wamphamvu, madzi amchere wambiri sali oyenera kukonzekera.
Samalani nthawi yokonzekera mankhwalawa, kuti mankhwalawa athe kusungunuka m'madzi osasakanikirana, apo ayi sadzangoyambitsa zinyalala zokha, komanso zimakhudza zotsatira za kupanga matope. Nsalu yosefera ndi mapaipi amathanso kutsekeka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zinyalala zibwerezedwe. Akapangidwa kukhala yankho, nthawi yosungira imakhala yochepa. Nthawi zambiri, pamene kuchuluka kwa yankho kuli 0.1%, yankho la polima losakhala la anionic siliyenera kupitirira sabata imodzi, ndipo yankho la polima la cationic siliyenera kupitirira tsiku limodzi.
Mukamaliza kukonzekera mankhwala, panthawi yopereka mankhwala, samalani ndi kusintha kwa khalidwe la matope ndi momwe matopewo amakhudzira, ndipo sinthani mlingo wa mankhwalawo pakapita nthawi kuti mupeze chiŵerengero chabwino cha mlingo.
Mankhwalawa ayenera kusungidwa m'nyumba yosungiramo zinthu youma, ndipo thumba la mankhwala liyenera kutsekedwa. Pogwiritsidwa ntchito, gwiritsani ntchito momwe mungathere, ndipo sungani mankhwala osagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti mupewe chinyezi. Pokonzekera mankhwala, samalani kuti musakonze zambiri momwe mungathere, ndipo zakumwa zomwe zayikidwa kwa nthawi yayitali zimasungunuka mosavuta ndipo sizingagwiritsidwenso ntchito.
Zipangizo zoyendetsedwa bwino, gulu la akatswiri opeza ndalama, ndi ntchito zabwino zogulitsa pambuyo pogulitsa; Ndife banja lalikulu logwirizana, aliyense amene amakhala ndi bungweli amayamikira "kugwirizana, kutsimikiza mtima, kulekerera" kwa Quotes forPolyacrylamideFlocculamide Anionic Cationic Nonionic Water Treatment Polyacrylamide, Timalandira bwino anzathu ochokera m'mitundu yonse ya moyo watsiku ndi tsiku kuti tipeze mgwirizano wabwino komanso wopambana.
Ma Quotes a China Chemical and Waste Water Treatment, Ndi mphamvu yowonjezereka komanso ngongole yodalirika, takhala pano kuti titumikire makasitomala athu popereka ntchito yabwino kwambiri, ndipo tikuyamikira kwambiri thandizo lanu. Tiyesetsa kusunga mbiri yathu yabwino monga ogulitsa zinthu zabwino kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Ngati muli ndi mafunso kapena ndemanga, muyeneraLumikizanani nafemwaufulu.
Nthawi yotumizira: Novembala-04-2022