Ndiloleni ndikuuzeni za SAP yomwe mukuikonda kwambiri posachedwapa! Super Absorbent Polymer (SAP) ndi mtundu watsopano wa zinthu zogwirira ntchito za polima. Ili ndi ntchito yoyamwa madzi ambiri yomwe imayamwa madzi nthawi mazana angapo mpaka zikwi zingapo kuposa iyo, ndipo ili ndi magwiridwe antchito abwino kwambiri osungira madzi. Ikayamwa madzi ndikutupa kukhala hydrogel, zimakhala zovuta kusiyanitsa madzi ngakhale atakhala ndi mphamvu. Chifukwa chake, imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'njira zosiyanasiyana monga zinthu zaukhondo, kupanga mafakitale ndi ulimi, komanso uinjiniya wa zomangamanga.
Utomoni woyamwa kwambiri ndi mtundu wa macromolecules okhala ndi magulu okonda madzi komanso kapangidwe kogwirizana. Poyamba unapangidwa ndi Fanta ndi ena mwa kuyika starch ndi polyacrylonitrile kenako saponifying. Malinga ndi zipangizo zopangira, pali starch series (yolumikizidwa, carboxymethylated, etc.), cellulose series (carboxymethylated, grafted, etc.), synthetic polymer series (polyacrylic acid, polyvinyl alcohol, polyoxy Ethylene series, etc.) m'magulu angapo. Poyerekeza ndi starch ndi cellulose, polyacrylic acid superabsorbent resin ili ndi zabwino zambiri monga mtengo wotsika wopanga, njira yosavuta, kupanga bwino kwambiri, mphamvu yoyamwa madzi, komanso nthawi yayitali yosungira zinthu. Yakhala malo ofufuzira omwe alipo pakali pano.
Kodi mfundo ya mankhwalawa ndi yotani? Pakadali pano, polyacrylic acid imapanga 80% ya utomoni wochuluka kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Utomoni wochuluka kwambiri nthawi zambiri ndi polymer electrolyte yokhala ndi gulu la hydrophilic ndi kapangidwe kogwirizana. Madzi asanamwe madzi, maunyolo a polymer amakhala pafupi ndipo amalumikizana pamodzi, olumikizidwa kuti apange kapangidwe ka netiweki, kuti akwaniritse kulimba konse. Akakumana ndi madzi, mamolekyu amadzi amalowa mu utomoni kudzera mu capillary action ndi diffusion, ndipo magulu a ionized pa utomoni amalowetsedwa m'madzi. Chifukwa cha kugwedezeka kwa electrostatic pakati pa ma ion omwewo pa utomoni, utomoni wa polymer umatambasuka ndikutupa. Chifukwa cha kufunikira kwa kusalowerera kwamagetsi, ma counter ions sangathe kusamukira kunja kwa utomoni, ndipo kusiyana kwa kuchuluka kwa ma ion pakati pa yankho mkati ndi kunja kwa utomoni kumapanga kupsinjika kwa reverse osmotic. Pansi pa kukakamizidwa kwa reverse osmosis, madzi amalowanso mu utomoni kuti apange hydrogel. Nthawi yomweyo, kapangidwe ka netiweki yolumikizidwa ndi haidrojeni yolumikizana ndi utomoni wokha zimachepetsa kukula kopanda malire kwa gel. Madzi akakhala ndi mchere wochepa, kuthamanga kwa osmotic kumachepa, ndipo nthawi yomweyo, chifukwa cha chitetezo cha counter ion, unyolo wa polima udzachepa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mphamvu ya utomoni ichepetse kwambiri. Kawirikawiri, mphamvu ya kuyamwa madzi ya utomoni woyamwa kwambiri mu yankho la 0.9% NaCl ndi pafupifupi 1/10 yokha ya madzi osungunuka. Kuyamwa madzi ndi kusunga madzi ndi mbali ziwiri za vuto lomwelo. Lin Runxiong ndi anzake adakambirana izi mu thermodynamics. Pansi pa kutentha ndi kupanikizika kwina, utomoni woyamwa kwambiri ukhoza kuyamwa madzi mwangozi, ndipo madzi amalowa mu utomoni, kuchepetsa enthalpy yaulere ya dongosolo lonse mpaka itafika pamlingo woyenera. Ngati madzi atuluka mu utomoni, ndikuwonjezera enthalpy yaulere, sizithandiza kuti dongosolo likhale lolimba. Kusanthula kwa kutentha kosiyanasiyana kukuwonetsa kuti 50% ya madzi omwe amayamwa ndi utomoni woyamwa kwambiri amakhalabe mu netiweki ya gel pamwamba pa 150°C. Chifukwa chake, ngakhale kupanikizika kuyikidwa pa kutentha kwabwinobwino, madzi sangatuluke mu utomoni woyamwa kwambiri, womwe umatsimikiziridwa ndi mphamvu ya thermodynamic ya utomoni woyamwa kwambiri.
Nthawi ina, imbani cholinga chenicheni cha SAP.
Nthawi yotumizira: Disembala-08-2021