Makampani ogulitsa mankhwala amadzitchingira madzi makamaka amaphatikizira madzi opanga maanja ndi mankhwala opangidwa ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo otayika. Makampani opanga mankhwala amakangana ndi mitundu inayi: Kupanga maantibayotic field, kupanga mankhwala osokoneza bongo onunkhira, kutsuka madzi ndi kuchapa madzi osiyanasiyana. Madzi otayika amadziwika ndi kapangidwe kake, zoopsa zapamwamba, zoopsa zapamwamba, utoto wozama, zamchere zamchere zambiri, makamaka zosavomerezeka. Ndiwo madzi a mafakitale omwe ndi ovuta kuwachitira. Ndi chitukuko cha malonda a dziko langa la mankhwala, madzi otayika pang'onopang'ono akhala amodzi mwamitundu yofunikira.
1. Njira ya mankhwala osokoneza bongo
Njira zamankhwala zam'madzi zam'madzi zitha kufotokozedwa mwachidule monga: mankhwala akuthupi, mankhwalawa mankhwala, chithandizo chamankhwala azomwe mankhwala othandizira chimakhala ndi zabwino zake komanso zovuta zake.
Chithandizo cha thupi ndi mankhwala
Malinga ndi madzi amtundu wa madzi oyenda pamtunda, chithandizo chamankhwala chimafunikira kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chithandizo chamankhwala chothandizira biochemical. Njira zogwiritsira ntchito mankhwalawa komanso mankhwala makamaka zimaphatikizapo kuphatikiza mpweya, kutulutsa mpweya, adsorption, ammonia, ma electrolys, ion kusinthana ndi kusinthidwa kwa nembane.
kuphunzitsa
Ukadaulowu ndi njira yothandizira madzi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kunyumba ndi kunja. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakuchiza ndi kutumiza kwa madzi otayidwa azachipatala, monga aluminiyumu sulfate ndi polyferic sulfate m'mankhwala achi China otayika. Chinsinsi cha chithandizo chamankhwala chothandiza ndi kusankha koyenera komanso kuwonjezera kwa ma coagalants abwino kwambiri. M'zaka zaposachedwa, chitsogozo cha ma coagants chasintha kuchoka pamtunda wotsika kwambiri ku ma polima-okwera kwambiri, komanso kuchokera ku gawo limodzi loti azigwiritsa ntchito magwiridwe antchito [3]. Liu Minghua et al. . Mitengo yochotsa inali 69.7%, 96.4% ndi 87.5%, motsatana.
Kutulutsa kwa mpweya
Kutulutsa kwa mpweya nthawi zambiri kumaphatikizapo mitundu yosiyanasiyana monga kutulutsa kwa mpweya, kusungunuka mpweya, kutulutsa mpweya, ndi electrolytic mpweya. Xinchang mafakitale amagwiritsa ntchito chipangizo cha COF Vortex cha ndege kuti chisamale madzi otayira mankhwala. Kuchotsa kuchuluka kwa cod kuli pafupifupi 25% ndi mankhwala oyenera.
Njira ya ADSORRAS
Adsorbents omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kaboni, zopangidwa ndi malasha, adsorpprapt, etc.un Juanmin mafakitale a Aesordeption - njira yachiwiri yothandizira kuwononga zinyalala. Zotsatira zake zinawonetsa kuti kuwongolera kwa code kwa Adsorvetch kunali 41.1%, ndi chiwerengero cha bod5 / cod chinali chitayenda bwino.
Kupatukana kwa Membrane
Maukadaulo a membrane akuphatikiza osmosis, nanofultration ndi fiber membrane kuti achiritse zida zofunikira ndikuchepetsa mpweya wonse. Zoyenera za ukadaulo uwu ndi zida zosavuta, ntchito yabwino, palibe njira yosinthira ndi kusintha kwa mankhwala, kukonza mphamvu kwambiri komanso kupulumutsa mphamvu. Juanna et al. amagwiritsa ntchito ma membrasition membrane kuti alekanitse nenamycin kutaya madzi. Zinapezeka kuti zoletsa za lincomycin pa tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tinkachepetsedwa, ndipo Cinnamycin idachira.
electrolysis
Njirayi ili ndi maubwino othandiza kwambiri, ntchito yosavuta komanso yofanana, ndi ma elekitorolytic decolorization ndi abwino. Li ying [8] yonyamula zokongoletsa zamagetsi pa hisimoflavin sunnanant sunant, ndi mitengo yochotsa cod, SS ndi Chroma idafika 71%, 83%, motero, motsatana.
mankhwala othandizira
Njira zamankhwala zikagwiritsidwa ntchito, kugwiritsa ntchito zolimbitsa thupi mopitirira muyeso kungayambitse kuwononga matupi a madzi. Chifukwa chake, ntchito yoyeserera yoyenera iyenera kuchitika musanapangidwe. Njira zamankhwala zimaphatikizapo njira zachitsulo, kaboni, mankhwala redox njira (FENNOn Reagent, H2O2, O3), ukadaulo wa oxidation, etc.
Njira ya harbon kaboni
Ntchito ya mafakitale imawonetsa kuti kugwiritsa ntchito Fe-C ngati njira yopangira madzi ogulitsa mankhwala osokoneza bongo imatha kusintha biodeglediility ya zogulitsa. Lou Maoxing amagwiritsa ntchito chitsulo-ma electrolysis-aerobic-aerobic-aerobic kuphatikiza madzi am'madzi amtundu wapakati pa urrythromycin ndi Ciprofloxacin. Kuchotsa kwa code pambuyo pa chithandizo chamankhwala ndi chitsulo ndi kaboni 20%. %.
Kukonzanso kwa FENNOn
Kuphatikiza kwa mchere woponderezedwa ndi H2O2 kumatchedwanso mphamvu ya Fenton, yomwe imatha kuchotsa bwino zinthu zomwe zingathetsedwe ndiukadaulo wamadzi onyowa. Ndi Kuwala Kwakufufuza, Kuwala kwa Ultraviolet (UV), oxalate (C2o42-), etc. adayambitsidwa ku Fenton, yomwe idalimbikitsa kwambiri oxidation. Kugwiritsa ntchito Tio2 monga chothandizira nyali komanso nyali yotsika kwambiri monga gwero la Fentmacen, madzi osokoneza bongo adathandizidwa ndi 100%, ndipo pawiri, ndi Nitronzerze / l. 0.41 mg / l.
Mankhwala
Njirayi imatha kusintha biodegradiity ya madzi onyansa ndipo ili ndi cod. Mwachitsanzo, kuswana kwa maantibiotic atatu monga Ballcioglu adathandizidwa ndi ozone oxidation. Zotsatira zake zidawonetsa kuti mafuta otayira zinyalala samangowonjezerera mtengo wa bod5 / cod, komanso kuchuluka kwa kuchotsa kwa code kunali pamwambapa 75%.
Ukadaulo wamafuta
Amadziwikanso kuti ukadaulo wapamwamba kwambiri, zimabweretsanso zotsatira za buku laposachedwa zamagetsi amakono, magetsi, magetsi, zinthu zowoneka bwino, kuphatikizapo makokotion oxidation, akupanga akuwonongeka. Pakati pawo, ultraviolet Photococatalyc makoloje ali ndi mwayi wamakono, chabwino, ndipo palibe kusankha kwa madzi, ndipo ndikoyenera kuwonongeka kwa hydrocarbons. Poyerekeza ndi njira zochizira monga kutentha kwa ultraviolet, kutenthetsa, komanso kukakamizidwa, akupanga, chithandizo cha zinthu zachilengedwe ndichopanda mwachindunji ndipo pamafunika zida zochepa. Monga mtundu watsopano wa chithandizo, chidwi kwambiri chalipira. Xiao Guangquan et al. . Kuchizira mankhwala kunachitika kwa ma 60 s ndi mphamvuyo inali 200 w, ndipo ma code onse ochotsa madzi a zinyalala anali 96%.
Chithandizo cha bioched
Tekinoloji ya mankhwalawa imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pa mankhwala osokoneza bongo, kuphatikizapo maferobic njira, anaerobic Sociogical njira, komanso njira yophatikizira.
Aerobic Social
Popeza madzi ambiri a zinyalala ndi otayika kwambiri, nthawi zambiri pamafunika kuchepetsa yankho la masheya panthawi ya arobic yachilengedwe. Chifukwa chake, mphamvu yogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi yayikulu, madzi a zinyalala amatha kukhala azomwe amamuchitira zachikhalidwe, ndipo nkovuta kutulutsa mwachindunji ndi muyezo chithandizo mankhwala azomwe amalandira. Chifukwa chake, kugwiritsa ntchito kwa aerobic tokha. Pali chithandizo zingapo zomwe zilipo ndipo zolaula zambiri zimafunikira. Njira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito motsatira njira zachithandizo zamankhwala zimaphatikizapo njira yogwiritsira ntchito, njira yowonjezera, njira ya ADSRORARD ADULATE MEDGE Sludge Njira (SBR.. (Njira ya Cass) ndi zina zotero.
Njira yokulira
Kuzama kwambiri ndi njira yayikulu kwambiri. Njira yake imathandizira kuchuluka kwa oxygen, malo ochepa pansi, zotsatira zabwino mankhwala, ndalama zochepa, mtengo wotsika mtengo, palibe sludge yochepa. Kuphatikiza apo, mphamvu zake zosatha zotupa ndizabwino, ndipo mankhwalawa sakhudzidwa ndi nyengo, yomwe imatsimikizira zotsatira za chithandizo chamalo ozizira kumadera akumpoto. Pambuyo pa madzi okwera kwambiri owoneka bwino ochokera ku fakitale yaku Northeat anali kuthandizidwa ndi thanki yoyaka yowonjezera, kuchuluka kwa kuchotsedwa kwa cod kunafika 92.7%. Itha kuwoneka kuti kusintha kwa bwino kuli koyenera kwambiri, komwe ndikofunikira kwambiri pakukonzanso kwina. sewerani mbali.
Njira ya AB
Njira ya AB ndi njira yokhazikika yomwe imayendetsa. Kuchotsa kwa Bod5, COD, SS, phosphorous ndi ammonia nayitrogeni pa njira ya AB nthawi zambiri imakhala yokwezeka kuposa yomwe yayamba yosalala. Ubwino wapamwamba ndi katundu wambiri wa gawo, kutsitsa kwamphamvu kwamphamvu, ndi mphamvu yayikulu pakusintha kwa pH yamtengo ndi zinthu zapoizoni. Ndizoyenera kwambiri kuchiza zinyalala ndi ndende zambiri komanso zosintha zazikulu m'madzi ndi kuchuluka. Njira ya Yang Junshi et al. Amagwiritsa ntchito hydrolysis acidication-Al Njira yochitira mankhwala antibaotic madzi, omwe amakhala ndi njira zazifupi.
kuchuluka kwa oxidation
Tekinolojiyi imaphatikiza zabwino zosintha njira yosinthira ndi njira ya biofilm, ndipo imakhala ndi maubwino othamangitsidwa kwambiri, kukana kwamphamvu, kukhazikika kwamphamvu, kugwirira ntchito kokhazikika. Ntchito zambiri zimatengera njira ziwiri, ndikuyang'ana kuwonongeka kwamphamvu kwambiri m'malo osiyanasiyana, gwiritsani ntchito mokwanira pakati pa anthu osiyanasiyana, komanso kusintha zovuta komanso kukana. Mu unenjiniya, chimbudzi cha anaerobic ndi acidication nthawi zambiri chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati njira yobwezeretsa, ndipo njira yolumikizira yoyandikira imagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza madzi otayirana otayika. ROBOZ ABERGER TRARDMATICECECECECECRICRECECRICRECECRICRICRICRICRICRICRE PRORTS ikani hydrolysis acidication-iwiri - 4-Stevior Conternation Production Protecition madzi otayika maluwa. Zotsatira zogwira ntchito zikuwonetsa kuti njira yothandizirayo ndi yokhazikika ndipo kuphatikiza njira ndi yovomerezeka. Ndi kukhwima pang'onopang'ono kwa ukadaulo, minda yofunsiranso ndi yochulukirapo.
Njira ya SBR
Njira ya SBR ili ndi maubwino amphamvu kwambiri kukana, ntchito zapamwamba kwambiri, kapangidwe kake, kapangidwe kakang'ono, kuchotsera pang'ono, komanso kuchotsedwa kwabwino komanso kuchotsedwa kwa phosphorous. . Kusinthasintha madzi. Kuyesera pamankhwala a madzi osungiramo zinyalala ndi SHBBS ndikuwonetsa kuti nthawi yanyengo imakhala ndi chidwi chachikulu pamankhwala a njirayi; Kukhazikitsidwa kwa zigawo za Aninic, makamaka kapangidwe kobwerezabwereza kwa anaerobic ndi aerobic, kumatha kusintha mwanzeru mankhwala; Chithandizo cha SBBS chowonjezera cha pac njirayi imatha kukonza kwambiri kuchotsedwa kwa dongosololi. M'zaka zaposachedwa, njirayi yakhala yangwiro ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza madzi oyenda pamtunda.
Anaerobic forogical chithandizo
Pakadali pano, mankhwalawa okhazikika owoneka bwino kwambiri okhala kunyumba ndi kunja kumadalira njira ya Anaerobic, koma cod imakhazikika pambuyo pa chithandizo chosiyana ndi aerobic finelogical) nthawi zambiri amafunikira. Pakadali pano, ndikofunikira kulimbikitsa kukulitsa kukula ndikupanga mapangidwe apamwamba kwambiri a anaerobic, komanso kafukufuku wakuya pogwiritsa ntchito zopangira. Mapulogalamu opambana kwambiri mu mankhwala a mankhwala am'madzi am'madzi ndi kukwera mabedi (UASB), beaerobic compleite ribocy (Abrrolysis, etc.
UASB
UASB riyakitala ili ndi maubwino a mananger a anaerobic kukula, kapangidwe kake, nthawi yochepa ya hydraulic, ndipo palibe chida chobwezera china chobweza. UASB ikagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza kanamycin, chlorin, vc, sd, shuti zina zopangidwa ndi madzi opanga ma comwen over 85% mpaka 90%. Kuchotsa kwa code kwa gawo la magawo awiri la masitepe UASB kumatha kupitilira 90%.
Njira ya UBF
Gulani wening et al. Kuyesa kofananirako kunachitika pa UASB ndi UBF. Zotsatira zikuwonetsa kuti UBF ili ndi mawonekedwe abwino osamutsa ambiri ndikulekanitsa mphamvu, mitundu yosiyanasiyana yazomera komanso zotsogola, komanso kukhazikika kwamphamvu. Oxygen biorear.
Hydrolysis ndi acidication
Thank ya Hydrolysis imatchedwa ydrolyz-hudge sludge (hubb) ndipo ndi UASB yosinthidwa. Poyerekeza ndi thanki yonse ya Anaerobic, thanki ya Hydrolysis ili ndi maluso otsatira: Palibe chifukwa chosindikizira, palibe choyambitsa, chomwe chimachepetsa ndalama zonse ndikuthandizira kukonza; Imatha kunyoza macromolecle komanso osakhala zinthu zachilengedwe zachilengedwe ponyansa m'mamolekyulu ang'onoang'ono. Chikhalidwe chosavuta chomera chimachiritsa biodegleation ya madzi osaphika; Zomwe zimachitika mwachangu, voliyumu ya thankiyo ndi yaying'ono, ndalama zomanga zazikulu ndizochepa, ndipo voliyumu ya sludge imachepetsedwa. M'zaka zaposachedwa, njira ya hydrolys-aerobic yagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamadzi a madzi osungunuka. Mwachitsanzo, fakitale ya biophaceulutical imagwiritsa ntchito hydrolytic anictiation-ziwiri-gawo lachiberekero zoyankhulirana ndi ma oxidation kuti igwirizane ndi madzi otamata. Opaleshoniyo ndi yokhazikika ndipo zinthu zachilengedwe zimachotsa zotsatira zake ndizodabwitsa. Kuchotsa mitengo ya cod, bod5 ss ndi ss kunali 90.7%, 92.4% ndi 87.6%, motsatana.
Anaerobic-aerobic kuphatikiza
Popeza mankhwala othandizira kapena chithandizo cha anaerobic chokha sangakwaniritse zofunika, kuphatikiza njira monga anaerobic-aerobic, hydrolytic acid. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakuchita ukadaulo chifukwa cha ntchito imodzi yokonza. Mwachitsanzo, fakitale yopanga mankhwala imagwiritsa ntchito aerobic-aerobic njira yochitira madzi ogulitsa mankhwala osokoneza bongo, kuchuluka kwa madontho ndi 98%, kuchuluka kwa kuchotsedwa kwa code ndi 95%, ndipo zotsatirapo zake zimakhala zokhazikika. Micro-electrolysis-anaerobic hydrolysis-acid-shbr imagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza madzi opangira mapanga. Zotsatirazi zikuwonetsa kuti njira zonse za njira zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zisinthe kusintha kwa madzi ndi kuchuluka, ndipo kuchuluka kwa kuchotsedwa kwa mankhwalawa kungafike 86%, yomwe ndi njira yabwino yothandizira madzi otapangira. - Catalytictictictictictic, Counton Produidation. Pamene cod aphukira ndi pafupifupi 12 000 mg / l, cod ya oversic ndi ochepera 300 mg / l; Kuchotsa kwa cod mu madzi otetezedwa ndi bifilm-sbr.5% ~ 98.31%, komwe kumakhala kwakukulu kuposa momwe amagwirira ntchito njira imodzi ya biofilm ndi njira ya SBR.
Kuphatikiza apo, popanga ukadaulo wa nembanemba, kugwiritsa ntchito kafukufuku wa nembanemba biorector (MBR) mankhwalawa madzi otayika pang'onopang'ono ayatsidwa. MBB imaphatikiza mawonekedwe a ukadaulo wa membrane ndi chithandizo chazowonjezera, ndipo ali ndi maubwino othamangitsidwa ndi katundu wambiri, kukana mphamvu, mawonekedwe ang'onoang'ono, komanso osalala. The Anaerobic membrane biorection adagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza mankhwala apakati a mankhwala a ad chloride otayika ndi cod a 25 000 mg / l. Kuchotsa kwa code kwa dongosololi kumakhala pamwamba pa 90%. Kwa nthawi yoyamba, kuthekera kwa mabakiteriya kuti achepetse zinthu zina zomwe zagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kutulutsa membrane biorer amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza madzi osungira mafakitale okhala ndi 3,4-dichloroorine. HRT inali 2 h, chiwerengero chochotsera chinafika 99%, ndipo malingaliro abwino amathandizidwa. Ngakhale vuto la membala, ndikukula kwaukadaulo wa nembanemba, MBRS idzagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'munda wa mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
2. Njira Kuchiza ndi Kusankha kwa Madzi Osiyanasiyana
Makhalidwe amtundu wamtundu wa madzi ogulitsa mankhwala osokoneza bongo amapangitsa kuti madzi ogulitsa azikhala okhaokha kuti adutse chithandizo chamankhwala okha, kotero kuti zopangira zofunikira ziyenera kuchitika pamaso pa chithandizo cha biocheminal. Nthawi zambiri, thanki yokonzanso iyenera kusinthidwa kuti isinthe mtundu wa madzi ndi mtengo wa pH, komanso njira ya mankhwala osokoneza bongo molingana ndi zinthu zamtunduwu kuti muchepetse ss, ndikusintha kufooka kwa madzi owonongeka. kuwongolera chithandizo chotsatira cha madzi otayira zinyalala.
Madzi otchuka amatha kuthandizidwa ndi anaerobic ndi aerobic njira zake zamadzi. Ngati zofunikira zoyesera ndizokwera, njira yothandizira kutentha iyenera kupitilizidwa pambuyo pochita mwa aerobic. Kusankhidwa kwa njirayo kuyenera kuwunikira bwino zinthu monga mtundu wa zinyalala, chithandizo chomwe chimachitika pakukonzekera, ndalama zomangamanga, komanso ntchito ndi kukonza ndikukonza kuti ukadaulo ukhale wotheka komanso wachuma. Njira yonse yamakono ndi njira yophatikizira yodziyimira - Anaerobic-Aerobic- (post-matenda). Njira yophatikizira ya hydrolysis adsorpption-conter-Contration - kuphatikizidwa kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza madzi okwanira ofananira ndi insulin.
3. Kubwezeretsanso ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zothandiza mu madzi otatcha mankhwala
Limbikitsani kupanga oyeretsa m'makampani opangira mankhwala, kusintha kuchuluka kwa zopangira, zomwe zimabwezeretsa zokwanira za zinthu zapakatikati ndi zopangidwa ndi zinthu, ndikuchepetsa kapena kusiya kuipitsa pakusintha kwaukadaulo. Chifukwa cha njira zina zopangira mankhwala, madzi a zinyalala amakhala ndi zinthu zambiri zobwezerezedwanso. Zochizira madzi otalika chonchi, gawo loyamba ndikulimbikitsa kuchira kwachitukuko ndikugwiritsa ntchito mokwanira. Kwa madzi apakatikati apakati ndi michere yamchere yokwera kwambiri monga 5% mpaka 10%, filimu yokhazikika ya wiper imagwiritsidwa ntchito pochira (NH4) Kuchira (NH4NA3 ndi gawo la pafupifupi 30%. Gwiritsani ntchito ngati feteleza kapena gwiritsani ntchito. Kupindulitsa kwachuma kuwonekera; Kampani yapamwamba yamankhwala imagwiritsa ntchito njira yoyeretsa yochitira madzi otaya madzi ndi zinthu zambiri zokwanira. Pambuyo pa mafuta a formaldehde amachira, imatha kupangidwa mu korona kapena kuwotchedwa ngati gwero lotentha. Kudzera mu kubwezeretsa kwa formaldehyde, kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zambiri zomwe zingakwaniritsidwe, ndipo mtengo wogulitsa mankhwalawo ukhoza kuthawa patatha zaka 4 mpaka 5, pozindikira mgwirizano wa phindu la phindu la chilengedwe ndi mapindu ake. Komabe, kapangidwe ka madzi wamba owononga ndalama ndizovuta, zovuta kubwezeretsanso, njira yochiritsira ikuvuta, ndipo mtengo wake ndi wokwera. Chifukwa chake, otsogola ndi othandiza bwino uluuge mankhwala ndiye chinsinsi chothetsa vuto la chimbudzi.
Mapeto
Pakhala malipoti ambiri pamadzi opanga mamita. Komabe, chifukwa cha kusiyanasiyana kwa zinthu zosaphika ndi njira zomwe zimachitika m'makampani opanga mankhwala, mtundu wa zinyalala umasiyana kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, palibe njira yokhwima komanso yogwirizana yamankhwala a madzi otapangira mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Njira ya njira yomwe mungasankhire imatengera madzi owononga. Zachilengedwe. Malinga ndi mawonekedwe a madzi otayirata, zolangira nthawi zambiri zimafunikira kuti zithandizire madzi onyansa, poyamba kuchotsa zodetsa, kenako kuphatikiza chithandizo cha biochemical. Pakadali pano, chitukuko cha chipangizo chachuma komanso chogwira ntchito ndi vuto lofunika kuti chithetsedwe.
FakitoleChina ChinaAnionic Pam Potic Polic Polymer Holoculant, DCASIAM, DCOAME, PECOAMER, Polyluumalla, Pam, polyacrylamide, polydadmac, pdadmac, polyamine, sitimangotipatsa ndalama zambiri, koma koposa zonse zofunika kwambiri ndi mtengo wogulitsira wamkulu.
ODM Favory China Pam, Anionic Polyacrylamide, hpam, Phom, kampani yathu ikugwira ntchito ndi umphumphu wa "mgwirizano, zomwe zidapangidwa, anthu okhudzana ndi kupambana". Tikukhulupirira kuti titha kukhala ndi ubale wophatikiza ndi bizinesi kuchokera padziko lonse lapansi.
Kuchokera ku Baidu.
Post Nthawi: Aug-15-2022