Madzi otayirira ochokera ku makampani opanga mankhwala makamaka akuphatikizapo madzi otayirira ochokera ku makampani opanga mankhwala ndi madzi otayirira ochokera ku makampani opanga mankhwala. Madzi otayirira ochokera ku makampani opanga mankhwala makamaka akuphatikizapo magulu anayi: madzi otayirira ochokera ku makampani opanga mankhwala, madzi otayirira ochokera ku makampani opanga mankhwala, madzi otayirira ochokera ku makampani opanga mankhwala ochokera ku China, madzi otsukira ndi madzi otayirira ochokera ku njira zosiyanasiyana zokonzekera. Madzi otayirirawa amadziwika ndi kapangidwe kake kovuta, kuchuluka kwa zinthu zachilengedwe, poizoni wambiri, mtundu wozama, kuchuluka kwa mchere wambiri, makamaka kuchepa kwa mphamvu zamagetsi komanso kutulutsa madzi nthawi ndi nthawi. Ndi madzi otayirira ochokera ku mafakitale omwe ndi ovuta kuwachiza. Ndi chitukuko cha makampani opanga mankhwala m'dziko langa, madzi otayirira ochokera ku makampani opanga mankhwala pang'onopang'ono akhala amodzi mwa magwero ofunikira kwambiri oipitsa.
1. Njira yochizira madzi otayira mankhwala
Njira zochizira madzi otayira mankhwala zitha kufotokozedwa mwachidule motere: mankhwala ochizira thupi, mankhwala ochizira, mankhwala a biochemical ndi mankhwala osakaniza njira zosiyanasiyana, njira iliyonse yochizira ili ndi ubwino ndi kuipa kwake.
Chithandizo chakuthupi ndi cha mankhwala
Malinga ndi makhalidwe a madzi otayidwa ndi mankhwala, chithandizo cha physicochemical chiyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati njira yochizira kapena yochizira pambuyo pa mankhwala a biochemical. Njira zochizira thupi ndi mankhwala zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pano zimaphatikizapo kugawanika kwa madzi, kuyandama kwa mpweya, kulowetsedwa kwa madzi, kuchotsedwa kwa ammonia, electrolysis, kusinthana kwa ma ion ndi kulekanitsa kwa nembanemba.
kugayika kwa magazi
Ukadaulo uwu ndi njira yochizira madzi yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kunyumba ndi kunja. Imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pochiza ndi kuchiza madzi otayidwa azachipatala, monga aluminiyamu sulfate ndi polyferric sulfate m'madzi otayidwa achikhalidwe aku China. Chinsinsi cha chithandizo chogwira ntchito bwino cha coagulant ndi kusankha koyenera ndikuwonjezera ma coagulant omwe amagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri. M'zaka zaposachedwa, njira yopangira ma coagulant yasintha kuchoka pa ma polima otsika kupita ku ma molekyulu ambiri, komanso kuchoka pa chinthu chimodzi kupita ku ntchito yophatikizana [3]. Liu Minghua et al. [4] adachiza COD, SS ndi chromaticity ya madzi otayidwa ndi pH ya 6.5 ndi mlingo wa flocculant wa 300 mg/L ndi flocculant yophatikizika ya F-1. Chiwerengero cha zochotsa chinali 69.7%, 96.4% ndi 87.5%, motsatana.
kuyandama kwa mpweya
Kuyandama kwa mpweya nthawi zambiri kumaphatikizapo mitundu yosiyanasiyana monga kuyandama kwa mpweya wotulutsa mpweya, kuyandama kwa mpweya wosungunuka, kuyandama kwa mpweya wa mankhwala, ndi kuyandama kwa mpweya wamagetsi. Xinchang Pharmaceutical Factory imagwiritsa ntchito chipangizo cha CAF vortex air flotation kuti ikonzekere madzi otayidwa ndi mankhwala. Chiŵerengero chapakati cha COD chochotsera ndi pafupifupi 25% ndi mankhwala oyenera.
njira yotsatsira madzi
Ma adsorbents omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi activated carbon, activated coal, humic acid, adsorption resin, ndi zina zotero. Wuhan Jianmin Pharmaceutical Factory imagwiritsa ntchito activation ya phulusa la malasha - njira yachiwiri yochizira madzi otayira. Zotsatira zake zasonyeza kuti kuchuluka kwa COD komwe kunachotsedwa pa adsorption kunali 41.1%, ndipo chiŵerengero cha BOD5/COD chinakwera.
Kulekanitsa kwa nembanemba
Ukadaulo wa nembanemba umaphatikizapo reverse osmosis, nanofiltration ndi fiber membranes kuti zibwezeretse zinthu zothandiza ndikuchepetsa mpweya woipa wachilengedwe. Zinthu zazikulu za ukadaulo uwu ndi zida zosavuta, kugwiritsa ntchito mosavuta, kusasintha kwa gawo ndi kusintha kwa mankhwala, kugwiritsa ntchito bwino kwambiri komanso kusunga mphamvu. Juanna ndi anzake adagwiritsa ntchito nanofiltration membranes kuti alekanitse madzi otayira a cinnamycin. Zinapezeka kuti mphamvu yoletsa ya lincomycin pa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda m'madzi otayira inachepa, ndipo cinnamycin inapezekanso.
electrolysis
Njirayi ili ndi ubwino wa kugwira ntchito bwino kwambiri, kugwiritsa ntchito mosavuta ndi zina zotero, ndipo zotsatira zake zochotsa utoto ndi zabwino. Li Ying [8] adachita chithandizo cha electrolytic pa riboflavin supernatant, ndipo kuchuluka kwa COD, SS ndi chroma kunafika pa 71%, 83% ndi 67% motsatana.
mankhwala
Njira zamankhwala zikagwiritsidwa ntchito, kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri zinthu zina zoyeretsera madzi kungayambitse kuipitsa madzi m'madzi. Chifukwa chake, kafukufuku wofunikira ayenera kuchitika musanapange. Njira zamankhwala zimaphatikizapo njira yachitsulo-kaboni, njira ya redox ya mankhwala (Fenton reagent, H2O2, O3), ukadaulo wozama wa okosijeni, ndi zina zotero.
Njira ya kaboni yachitsulo
Ntchito zamafakitale zikuwonetsa kuti kugwiritsa ntchito Fe-C ngati njira yokonzekera madzi otayira mankhwala kungathandize kwambiri kuwonongeka kwa madzi otayira. Lou Maoxing imagwiritsa ntchito njira yophatikizana ya iron-micro-electrolysis-anaerobic-aerobic-air flotation pochiza madzi otayira a mankhwala monga erythromycin ndi ciprofloxacin. Kuchuluka kwa COD kuchotsa pambuyo pochiza ndi chitsulo ndi kaboni kunali 20% %, ndipo madzi otayira otsiriza akutsatira muyezo wa dziko lonse wa "Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard" (GB8978-1996).
Kukonza ma reagent a Fenton
Kuphatikiza kwa mchere wa ferrous ndi H2O2 kumatchedwa Fenton's reagent, yomwe imatha kuchotsa bwino zinthu zachilengedwe zomwe sizingachotsedwe ndi ukadaulo wachikhalidwe wosamalira madzi otayidwa. Pakukula kwa kafukufuku, kuwala kwa ultraviolet (UV), oxalate (C2O42-), ndi zina zotero zinalowetsedwa mu reagent ya Fenton, zomwe zinawonjezera kwambiri mphamvu ya okosijeni. Pogwiritsa ntchito TiO2 ngati chothandizira komanso nyali ya mercury ya 9W yotsika mphamvu ngati gwero la kuwala, madzi otayidwa a mankhwala adakonzedwa ndi reagent ya Fenton, kuchuluka kwa utoto kunali 100%, kuchuluka kwa COD kuchotsa kunali 92.3%, ndipo nitrobenzene compound inachepa kuchokera pa 8.05mg/L. 0.41 mg/L.
Kusungunuka kwa okosijeni
Njirayi ingathandize kuti madzi otayira asamawonongeke ndipo ili ndi kuchuluka kwa COD komwe kumachotsedwa bwino. Mwachitsanzo, madzi otayira atatu ophera maantibayotiki monga Balcioglu adachiritsidwa ndi ozone oxidation. Zotsatira zake zasonyeza kuti kuoza kwa madzi otayira sikunangowonjezera chiŵerengero cha BOD5/COD, komanso kuchuluka kwa COD komwe kumachotsedwa kunali pamwamba pa 75%.
Ukadaulo wa okosijeni
Imadziwikanso kuti ukadaulo wapamwamba wa okosijeni, imabweretsa zotsatira zaposachedwa za kafukufuku wamakono wa kuwala, magetsi, phokoso, maginito, zipangizo ndi zina zofanana, kuphatikizapo electrochemical oxidation, wet oxidation, supercritical water oxidation, photocatalytic oxidation ndi ultrasonic degradation. Pakati pawo, ukadaulo wa ultraviolet photocatalytic oxidation uli ndi ubwino wa zatsopano, kugwira ntchito bwino kwambiri, komanso kusasankha madzi otayira, ndipo ndi woyenera kwambiri kuwonongeka kwa ma hydrocarbons osakhuta. Poyerekeza ndi njira zochizira monga kuwala kwa ultraviolet, kutentha, ndi kupanikizika, chithandizo cha ultrasonic cha zinthu zachilengedwe ndi cholunjika kwambiri ndipo chimafuna zida zochepa. Monga mtundu watsopano wa chithandizo, chisamaliro chochulukira chaperekedwa. Xiao Guangquan et al. [13] adagwiritsa ntchito njira yolumikizirana ya ultrasonic-aerobic biological pochiza madzi otayira mankhwala. Chithandizo cha ultrasonic chinachitika kwa masekondi 60 ndipo mphamvu inali 200 w, ndipo kuchuluka konse kwa COD kuchotsa madzi otayira kunali 96%.
Chithandizo cha biochemical
Ukadaulo wochiza matenda a biochemical ndi ukadaulo wogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pochiza madzi otayira mankhwala, kuphatikizapo njira ya aerobic biological, njira ya anaerobic biological, ndi njira yophatikizana ya aerobic-anaerobic.
Chithandizo cha aerobic biology
Popeza madzi ambiri otayira mankhwala ndi madzi otayira achilengedwe okhala ndi zinthu zambiri, nthawi zambiri amafunika kuchepetsedwa madzi osungunuka mu thanki panthawi yothira mankhwala a aerobic. Chifukwa chake, mphamvu imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, madzi otayira amatha kuchiritsidwa ndi biochemical, ndipo zimakhala zovuta kutulutsa mwachindunji mpaka muyezo mutathira mankhwala a biochemical. Chifukwa chake, kugwiritsa ntchito aerobic kokha. Pali njira zochepa zochiritsira zomwe zilipo ndipo chithandizo chachikulu chikufunika. Njira zochiritsira za aerobic zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizapo njira yothira madzi, njira yothira madzi m'chitsime chozama, njira yothira madzi m'madzi (AB method), njira yothira madzi m'madzi, njira yothira madzi m'madzi (SBR method), njira yothira madzi m'madzi (circulating activated sludge method), ndi zina zotero. (CASS method) ndi zina zotero.
Njira yopezera mpweya m'chitsime chozama
Kulowetsa mpweya m'chitsime chakuya ndi njira yolumikizira madzi m'chitsime chakuya yomwe imagwira ntchito mwachangu kwambiri. Njirayi ili ndi mphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito mpweya wambiri, malo ochepa pansi, mphamvu yabwino yogwiritsira ntchito, ndalama zochepa, ndalama zochepa zogwirira ntchito, palibe kudzaza kwa matope komanso kupanga matope ochepa. Kuphatikiza apo, mphamvu yake yotetezera kutentha ndi yabwino, ndipo chithandizo sichikhudzidwa ndi nyengo, zomwe zingathandize kuti madzi akumwa m'nyengo yozizira azigwira ntchito bwino m'madera akumpoto. Madzi otayira ochokera ku Northeast Pharmaceutical Factory atakonzedwa ndi thanki yolumikizira madzi m'chitsime chakuya, mphamvu yochotsera COD inafika pa 92.7%. Zikuoneka kuti mphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito ndi yayikulu kwambiri, zomwe zimathandiza kwambiri pa ntchito yotsatira.
Njira ya AB
Njira ya AB ndi njira yothira matope yomwe imayendetsedwa ndi matope ambiri. Kuchuluka kwa BOD5, COD, SS, phosphorous ndi ammonia nitrogen pogwiritsa ntchito njira ya AB nthawi zambiri kumakhala kokwera kuposa momwe imagwiritsidwira ntchito ndi matope wamba. Ubwino wake waukulu ndi kuchuluka kwa gawo la A, mphamvu yamphamvu yolimbana ndi kugwedezeka, komanso mphamvu yayikulu yotetezera pH ndi zinthu zoopsa. Ndi yoyenera kwambiri pochiza zimbudzi ndi kuchuluka kwakukulu komanso kusintha kwakukulu kwa ubwino wa madzi ndi kuchuluka kwake. Njira ya Yang Junshi et al. imagwiritsa ntchito njira ya hydrolysis acidification-AB biological pochiza madzi otayidwa ndi maantibayotiki, omwe ali ndi kayendedwe kafupika, kusunga mphamvu, ndipo mtengo wochizira ndi wotsika kuposa njira yochizira flocculation-biological ya mankhwala ofanana ndi madzi otayidwa.
okosijeni wokhudzana ndi zamoyo
Ukadaulo uwu umaphatikiza ubwino wa njira yothira matope ndi njira ya biofilm, ndipo uli ndi ubwino wa katundu wambiri, kupanga matope ochepa, kukana kukhudza kwambiri, kugwira ntchito bwino komanso kuyang'anira mosavuta. Mapulojekiti ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito njira ya magawo awiri, cholinga chake ndi kukulitsa mitundu yolamulira pazigawo zosiyanasiyana, kupereka mphamvu yonse ku mgwirizano pakati pa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, ndikuwonjezera zotsatira za biochemical ndi kukana kugwedezeka. Mu uinjiniya, kugaya chakudya ndi acidization ya anaerobic nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati gawo loyambirira la chithandizo, ndipo njira yothira matope imagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza madzi otayidwa ndi mankhwala. Harbin North Pharmaceutical Factory imagwiritsa ntchito njira yothira matope ya hydrolysis-magawo awiri a biological contact oxidation kuti ichite madzi otayidwa ndi mankhwala. Zotsatira za opaleshoni zikuwonetsa kuti zotsatira za chithandizo ndizokhazikika ndipo kuphatikiza kwa njirayo ndikoyenera. Ndi kukhwima pang'onopang'ono kwa ukadaulo wa njira, minda yogwiritsira ntchito nayonso ndi yayikulu kwambiri.
Njira ya SBR
Njira ya SBR ili ndi ubwino wokana kugwedezeka kwambiri, ntchito yotaya madzi ambiri, kapangidwe kosavuta, palibe chifukwa chobwerera m'mbuyo, ntchito yosinthasintha, malo ochepa, ndalama zochepa, ntchito yokhazikika, kuchuluka kwa kuchotsedwa kwa substrate, komanso kuyeretsa bwino ndi kuchotsa phosphorous. . Madzi otayika osinthasintha. Kuyesera pa chithandizo cha madzi otayika a mankhwala pogwiritsa ntchito njira ya SBR kukuwonetsa kuti nthawi yopumira mpweya imakhudza kwambiri zotsatira za chithandizo; kukhazikitsidwa kwa magawo a anoxic, makamaka kapangidwe kobwerezabwereza ka anaerobic ndi aerobic, kumatha kusintha kwambiri zotsatira za chithandizo; chithandizo chowonjezereka cha SBR cha PAC. Njirayi imatha kusintha kwambiri zotsatira za kuchotsa kwa dongosolo. M'zaka zaposachedwa, njirayi yakhala yangwiro kwambiri ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pochiza madzi otayika a mankhwala.
Chithandizo cha Anaerobic Biological
Pakadali pano, chithandizo cha madzi otayira achilengedwe okhala ndi kuchuluka kwakukulu m'nyumba ndi kunja kwa dziko chimadalira kwambiri njira yopanda mpweya, koma COD yotuluka imakhalabe yokwera kwambiri pambuyo pothandizidwa ndi njira yosiyana yopanda mpweya, ndipo chithandizo chikachitika pambuyo pake (monga chithandizo cha aerobic biological) nthawi zambiri chikufunika. Pakadali pano, ndikofunikirabe kulimbitsa Kupanga ndi kupanga ma reactors a anaerobic ogwira ntchito bwino kwambiri, komanso kafukufuku wozama pa momwe ntchito ikuyendera. Ntchito zopambana kwambiri pakuchiza madzi otayira mankhwala ndi Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Bed (UASB), Anaerobic Composite Bed (UBF), Anaerobic Baffle Reactor (ABR), hydrolysis, ndi zina zotero.
Lamulo la UASB
Chida choyeretsera madzi cha UASB chili ndi ubwino wokhala ndi mphamvu yochuluka yogaya chakudya popanda mpweya, kapangidwe kosavuta, nthawi yochepa yosungira madzi, komanso palibe chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito chipangizo chobweza matope. Pamene UASB ikugwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza kanamycin, chlorin, VC, SD, shuga ndi madzi ena otayira omwe amapangidwa ndi mankhwala, kuchuluka kwa SS nthawi zambiri sikokwera kwambiri kuti zitsimikizire kuti kuchuluka kwa COD komwe kumachotsedwa kuli pamwamba pa 85% mpaka 90%. Kuchuluka kwa COD komwe kumachotsedwa mu UASB ya magawo awiri kumatha kufika pa 90%.
Njira ya UBF
Gulani Wenning ndi ena. Kuyesa koyerekeza kunachitika pa UASB ndi UBF. Zotsatira zake zikusonyeza kuti UBF ili ndi makhalidwe abwino monga kusamutsa ndi kulekanitsa unyinji, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zamoyo ndi zamoyo, kugwira ntchito bwino kwambiri, komanso kukhazikika kwamphamvu pa ntchito. Oxygen bioreactor.
Hydrolysis ndi acidization
Thanki ya hydrolysis imatchedwa Hydrolyzed Upstream Sludge Bed (HUSB) ndipo ndi UASB yosinthidwa. Poyerekeza ndi thanki yonse ya anaerobic, thanki ya hydrolysis ili ndi ubwino wotsatira: palibe chifukwa chotseka, palibe kusakaniza, palibe magawo atatu olekanitsa, zomwe zimachepetsa ndalama ndikuthandiza kukonza; imatha kuwononga macromolecules ndi zinthu zachilengedwe zosawonongeka m'madzi am'madzi kukhala mamolekyu ang'onoang'ono. Zinthu zachilengedwe zomwe zimawonongeka mosavuta zimapangitsa kuti madzi osaphika awonongeke; momwe amachitira zinthu ndi mwachangu, kuchuluka kwa thanki kumakhala kochepa, ndalama zomangira thanki zimakhala zochepa, ndipo kuchuluka kwa matope kumachepa. M'zaka zaposachedwa, njira ya hydrolysis-aerobic yagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pochiza madzi otayidwa ndi mankhwala. Mwachitsanzo, fakitale ya biopharmaceutical imagwiritsa ntchito njira ya hydrolytic acidification-magawo awiri a biological contact oxidation pochiza madzi otayidwa ndi mankhwala. Ntchitoyi ndi yokhazikika ndipo zotsatira zake zochotsa zinthu zachilengedwe ndi zodabwitsa. Chiwerengero cha COD, BOD5 SS ndi SS chochotsedwa chinali 90.7%, 92.4% ndi 87.6% motsatana.
Njira yothandizira pamodzi ya Anaerobic-aerobic
Popeza chithandizo cha aerobic kapena chithandizo cha anaerobic chokha sichingakwaniritse zofunikira, njira zophatikizana monga chithandizo cha anaerobic-aerobic, hydrolytic acidification-aerobic zimathandizira kuwonongeka kwa biodegradability, kukana kukhudzidwa, ndalama zogulira komanso zotsatira za chithandizo cha madzi otayika. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu uinjiniya chifukwa cha magwiridwe antchito a njira imodzi yopangira. Mwachitsanzo, fakitale yamankhwala imagwiritsa ntchito njira ya anaerobic-aerobic pochiza madzi otayika a mankhwala, kuchuluka kwa BOD5 kuchotsa ndi 98%, kuchuluka kwa COD kuchotsa ndi 95%, ndipo zotsatira zake zimakhala zokhazikika. Njira ya micro-electrolysis-anaerobic hydrolysis-acidification-SBR imagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza madzi otayika a mankhwala opangidwa ndi mankhwala. Zotsatira zake zikuwonetsa kuti mndandanda wonse wa njirazi uli ndi kukana kwakukulu kwa kusintha kwa khalidwe ndi kuchuluka kwa madzi otayika, ndipo kuchuluka kwa COD kuchotsa kumatha kufika 86% mpaka 92%, komwe ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yochizira madzi otayika a mankhwala. - Catalytic Oxidation - Njira Yolumikizirana ndi Oxidation. Pamene COD ya chinthucho ili pafupifupi 12 000 mg/L, COD ya madzi otuluka imakhala yochepera 300 mg/L; kuchuluka kwa COD komwe kumachotsedwa m'madzi otayira mankhwala omwe amathiridwa ndi njira ya biofilm-SBR kumatha kufika 87.5% ~ 98.31%, zomwe ndi zapamwamba kwambiri kuposa zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kamodzi kokha.
Kuphatikiza apo, ndi chitukuko chopitilira cha ukadaulo wa nembanemba, kafukufuku wogwiritsa ntchito membrane bioreactor (MBR) pochiza madzi otayika a mankhwala wakula pang'onopang'ono. MBR imaphatikiza makhalidwe a ukadaulo wolekanitsa nembanemba ndi chithandizo chachilengedwe, ndipo ili ndi ubwino wa katundu wambiri, kukana mwamphamvu kukhudza, malo ochepa, komanso matope ochepa otsala. Njira ya anaerobic membrane bioreactor idagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza madzi otayika a intermediate acid chloride a pharmaceutical ndi COD ya 25 000 mg/L. Chiŵerengero chochotsera COD cha dongosololi chikupitirira 90%. Kwa nthawi yoyamba, kuthekera kwa mabakiteriya kukakamiza kuwononga zinthu zinazake zachilengedwe kunagwiritsidwa ntchito. Extrative membrane bioreactors amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza madzi otayika a mafakitale okhala ndi 3,4-dichloroaniline. HRT inali maola awiri, chiŵerengero chochotsera chinafika 99%, ndipo zotsatira zabwino kwambiri zochizira zinapezeka. Ngakhale vuto la kuipitsidwa kwa nembanemba, ndi chitukuko chopitilira cha ukadaulo wa nembanemba, MBR idzagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pantchito yochizira madzi otayika a mankhwala.
2. Njira yochizira ndi kusankha madzi otayira mankhwala
Makhalidwe abwino a madzi a madzi otayidwa ndi mankhwala amachititsa kuti madzi ambiri otayidwa ndi mankhwala asathe kuchiritsidwa okha, kotero chithandizo chofunikira chiyenera kuchitika musanagwiritse ntchito mankhwala a biochemical. Kawirikawiri, thanki yowongolera iyenera kukhazikitsidwa kuti isinthe mtundu wa madzi ndi pH, ndipo njira ya physicochemical kapena mankhwala iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati njira yochizira malinga ndi momwe zinthu zilili kuti muchepetse SS, mchere ndi gawo la COD m'madzi, kuchepetsa zinthu zoletsa zamoyo m'madzi otayidwa, ndikuwonjezera kuwonongeka kwa madzi otayidwa.
Madzi otayidwa omwe akonzedwa kale amatha kutsukidwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira zopanda mpweya ndi mpweya malinga ndi khalidwe la madzi ake. Ngati zofunikira za madzi otayidwa zili zambiri, njira yochizira aerobic iyenera kupitilizidwa pambuyo pa njira yochizira aerobic. Kusankha njira yeniyeniyo kuyenera kuganizira mozama zinthu monga mtundu wa madzi otayidwa, momwe njira yochizira imagwirira ntchito, ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza, komanso momwe ukadaulo umagwirira ntchito kuti ukhale wosavuta komanso wotsika mtengo. Njira yonseyi ndi njira yophatikizana yochizira-anaerobic-aerobic-(pambuyo pa chithandizo). Njira yophatikizana ya hydrolysis adsorption-contact oxidation-filtration imagwiritsidwa ntchito pochizira madzi otayidwa a mankhwala okhala ndi insulin yochita kupanga.
3. Kubwezeretsanso ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zothandiza m'madzi otayira mankhwala
Limbikitsani kupanga zinthu zoyera mumakampani opanga mankhwala, onjezerani kuchuluka kwa zinthu zopangira, kuchuluka kwa zinthu zapakati ndi zinthu zina, ndikuchepetsa kapena kuthetsa kuipitsa komwe kumachitika popanga zinthu kudzera mu kusintha kwaukadaulo. Chifukwa cha padera kwa njira zina zopangira mankhwala, madzi otayira amakhala ndi zinthu zambiri zomwe zingabwezeretsedwenso. Pochiza madzi otayira otere a mankhwala, gawo loyamba ndikulimbitsa kubwezeretsa zinthu ndikugwiritsa ntchito bwino. Pa madzi otayira apakati a mankhwala okhala ndi mchere wa ammonium wokwanira 5% mpaka 10%, filimu yopukutira yokhazikika imagwiritsidwa ntchito potulutsa nthunzi, kuyikamo ndi kuyika makristalo kuti abwezeretse (NH4)2SO4 ndi NH4NO3 yokhala ndi gawo lolemera la pafupifupi 30%. Gwiritsani ntchito ngati feteleza kapena kugwiritsanso ntchito. Ubwino wazachuma ndi wodziwikiratu; kampani yopanga mankhwala yapamwamba imagwiritsa ntchito njira yotsukira kuti ichotse madzi otayira opangidwawo okhala ndi formaldehyde yambiri. Mpweya wa formaldehyde ukabwezedwa, ukhoza kupangidwa kukhala formalin reagent kapena kutenthedwa ngati gwero la kutentha kwa boiler. Kudzera mu kubwezeretsa formaldehyde, kugwiritsa ntchito bwino zinthu kungatheke, ndipo ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza malo oyeretsera zitha kubwezedwa mkati mwa zaka 4 mpaka 5, zomwe zimatsimikizira mgwirizano wa ubwino wa chilengedwe ndi ubwino wa zachuma. Komabe, kapangidwe ka madzi otayira mankhwala ndi kovuta, kovuta kuwabwezeretsanso, njira yobwezeretsa ndi yovuta, ndipo mtengo wake ndi wokwera. Chifukwa chake, ukadaulo wapamwamba komanso wogwira mtima wokonza zinyalala ndiye chinsinsi chothetsera vuto la zinyalala.
4 Mapeto
Pakhala malipoti ambiri okhudza kuchiza madzi otayidwa a mankhwala. Komabe, chifukwa cha kusiyanasiyana kwa zinthu zopangira ndi njira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mumakampani opanga mankhwala, ubwino wa madzi otayidwa umasiyana kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, palibe njira yokhwima komanso yogwirizana yochiritsira madzi otayidwa a mankhwala. Njira yoti musankhe imadalira mtundu wa madzi otayidwa. Malinga ndi makhalidwe a madzi otayidwa, kuchiza madzi otayidwa nthawi zambiri kumafunika kuti madzi otayidwa azitha kuwonongeka, poyamba kuchotsa zoipitsa, kenako n’kuphatikiza ndi mankhwala a biochemical. Pakadali pano, kupanga chipangizo choyeretsera madzi chopangidwa ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana ndi vuto lofunika kuthetsedwa mwachangu.
FakitaleMankhwala aku ChinaAnionic PAM Polyacrylamide Cationic Polymer Flocculant, Chitosan, Chitosan Powder, mankhwala a madzi akumwa, chochotsera utoto wa madzi, dammac, diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, dicyandiamide, dcda, defoamer, antifoam, pac, poly aluminium chloride, polyaluminium, polyelectrolyte, pam, polyacrylamide, polydadmac, pdadmac, polyamine, Sitimangopereka zabwino kwambiri kwa ogula athu, komanso chofunika kwambiri ndi omwe amapereka chithandizo chathu chachikulu komanso mtengo wogulitsa wokwera kwambiri.
Kampani ya ODM China PAM, Anionic Polyacrylamide, HPAM, PHPA, Kampani yathu ikugwira ntchito motsatira mfundo ya "kukhulupirika, mgwirizano wopangidwa, anthu odzipereka, mgwirizano wopindulitsa aliyense". Tikukhulupirira kuti titha kukhala ndi ubale wabwino ndi amalonda ochokera padziko lonse lapansi.
Kuchokera ku Baidu.
Nthawi yotumizira: Ogasiti-15-2022