Kusanthula kuthekera kwa kugwiritsa ntchito pochiza madzi otayira m'mafakitale
1. Chiyambi choyamba
Kuipitsa kwa zitsulo zolemera kumatanthauza kuipitsa chilengedwe komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha zitsulo zolemera kapena zinthu zake. Makamaka kumachitika chifukwa cha zinthu zomwe anthu amachita monga migodi, kutulutsa mpweya woipa, kuthirira zimbudzi ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zachitsulo zolemera. Mwachitsanzo, matenda a nyengo yamadzi ndi matenda opweteka ku Japan amayamba chifukwa cha kuipitsa kwa mercury ndi kuipitsa kwa cadmium motsatana. Mlingo wa kuvulaza umadalira kuchuluka ndi mtundu wa mankhwala a zitsulo zolemera m'chilengedwe, chakudya ndi zamoyo. Kuipitsa kwa zitsulo zolemera kumawonekera makamaka mu kuipitsa madzi, ndipo gawo lake limapezeka mumlengalenga ndi zinyalala zolimba.
Zitsulo zolemera zimatanthauza zitsulo zokhala ndi mphamvu yokoka (kuchuluka) kopitilira 4 kapena 5, ndipo pali mitundu pafupifupi 45 ya zitsulo, monga mkuwa, lead, zinc, iron, diamondi, nickel, vanadium, silicon, button, titanium, manganese, cadmium, mercury, tungsten, molybdenum, gold, Siliva, ndi zina zotero. Ngakhale manganese, mkuwa, zinc ndi zitsulo zina zolemera ndi zinthu zochepa zomwe zimafunika pa ntchito za moyo, zitsulo zambiri zolemera monga mercury, lead, cadmium, ndi zina zotero sizifunikira pa ntchito za moyo, ndipo zitsulo zonse zolemera zomwe zili pamwamba pa kuchuluka kwina kwake ndi zoopsa kwa thupi la munthu.
Zitsulo zolemera nthawi zambiri zimakhalapo mwachilengedwe m'magulu achilengedwe. Komabe, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe amagwiritsa ntchito, kusungunula, kukonza ndi kupanga zitsulo zolemera, zitsulo zambiri zolemera monga lead, mercury, cadmium, cobalt, ndi zina zotero zimalowa mumlengalenga, m'madzi, ndi m'nthaka. Zimayambitsa kuipitsa chilengedwe kwambiri. Zitsulo zolemera m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mankhwala kapena mankhwala zimapitirira, zimasonkhana ndikusamuka zitalowa m'chilengedwe kapena m'chilengedwe, zomwe zimayambitsa kuwonongeka. Mwachitsanzo, zitsulo zolemera zomwe zimatuluka ndi madzi otayira zimatha kudziunjikira mu algae ndi matope apansi ngakhale kuchuluka kwake kuli kochepa, ndikumizidwa pamwamba pa nsomba ndi nkhono, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kuchuluka kwa chakudya, zomwe zimayambitsa kuipitsa. Mwachitsanzo, matenda a m'madzi ku Japan amayamba chifukwa cha mercury m'madzi otayira omwe amatuluka kuchokera kumakampani opanga soda, omwe amasinthidwa kukhala organic mercury kudzera mu zochita zamoyo; chitsanzo china ndi ululu, womwe umayamba chifukwa cha cadmium yomwe imatuluka kuchokera kumakampani opanga zinc smelting ndi makampani opanga ma electroplating a cadmium. Lead yomwe imatuluka mu utsi wa galimoto imalowa m'chilengedwe kudzera mu kufalikira kwa mpweya ndi njira zina, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kuchuluka kwa lead pamwamba pa zinthu kuchuluke kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti munthu wamakono azitha kuyamwa lead nthawi 100 kuposa anthu akale, ndikuvulaza thanzi la munthu.
Chothandizira kuchiza madzi achitsulo cholemera cha macromolecular, polima yamadzi ofiira a bulauni, imatha kuyanjana mwachangu ndi ma ayoni osiyanasiyana achitsulo cholemera m'madzi otayira kutentha kwa chipinda, monga Hg+, Cd2+, Cu2+, Pb2+, Mn2+, Ni2+, Zn2+, Cr3+, ndi zina zotero. Chimachitapo kanthu popanga mchere wosasungunuka m'madzi wokhala ndi chiwopsezo chochotsa choposa 99%. Njira yochizira ndi yosavuta komanso yosavuta, mtengo wake ndi wotsika, zotsatira zake ndi zodabwitsa, kuchuluka kwa matope ndi kochepa, kokhazikika, kopanda poizoni, ndipo palibe kuipitsa kwina. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pochiza madzi otayira m'makampani amagetsi, migodi ndi kusungunula, makampani opangira zitsulo, kuchotsa sulfurization ya mafakitale amagetsi ndi mafakitale ena. Mtundu wa pH wogwiritsidwa ntchito: 2-7.
2. Gawo logwiritsira ntchito malonda
Monga chochotsera ma ayoni achitsulo cholemera kwambiri, chili ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Chingagwiritsidwe ntchito pafupifupi madzi onse otayira okhala ndi ma ayoni achitsulo cholemera.
3. Gwiritsani ntchito njira ndi kayendedwe ka njira
1. Momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito
1. Onjezani ndi kusakaniza
① Onjezani mankhwala oyeretsera madzi achitsulo cholemera a polymer mwachindunji ku madzi otayira okhala ndi ayoni achitsulo cholemera, nthawi yomweyo, njira yabwino ndikusakaniza mphindi 10 zilizonse;
②Pamene pali chitsulo cholemera chomwe sichikudziwika bwino m'madzi otayira, mayeso a labotale ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuti adziwe kuchuluka kwa chitsulo cholemera chomwe chawonjezeredwa.
③Pochiza madzi otayira okhala ndi ayoni achitsulo cholemera okhala ndi kuchuluka kosiyanasiyana, kuchuluka kwa zinthu zopangira zomwe zawonjezeredwa kumatha kulamulidwa ndi ORP yokha.
2. Zipangizo zachizolowezi ndi njira zamakono
1. Sambitsani madzi pasadakhale 2. Kuti mupeze PH=2-7, onjezani asidi kapena alkali kudzera mu PH regulator 3. Yang'anirani kuchuluka kwa zinthu zopangira zomwe zawonjezeredwa kudzera mu redox regulator 4. Flocculant (potassium aluminium sulfate) 5. Nthawi yokhala mu thanki yosakaniza 10min 76, nthawi yosungira thanki yolumikizira 10min 7, thanki yotsetsereka ya sedimentation plate 8, sludge 9, reservoir 10, fyuluta 121, pH yomaliza yowongolera dziwe lotulutsa madzi 12, madzi otulutsa madzi
4. Kusanthula ubwino wa zachuma
Potengera madzi otayira opangidwa ndi electroplating ngati madzi otayira opangidwa ndi chitsulo cholemera, m'makampani awa okha, makampani ogwiritsira ntchito adzapeza phindu lalikulu pazachuma komanso chikhalidwe. Madzi otayira opangidwa ndi electroplating makamaka amachokera ku madzi otsukira a zigawo zotayira ndi madzi ochepa otayira. Mtundu, kuchuluka ndi mawonekedwe a zitsulo zolemera m'madzi otayira zimasiyana kwambiri ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yopangira, makamaka yokhala ndi ma ayoni achitsulo cholemera monga mkuwa, chromium, zinc, cadmium, ndi nickel. Malinga ndi ziwerengero zosakwanira, madzi otayira opangidwa ndi electroplating okha amaposa matani 400 miliyoni pachaka.
Kuchiza madzi otayira pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala kumaonedwa kuti ndi njira yothandiza kwambiri komanso yolondola. Komabe, poganizira zotsatira za zaka zambiri, njira ya mankhwala ili ndi mavuto monga kusagwira ntchito bwino, kugwiritsa ntchito bwino ndalama komanso kusawononga chilengedwe. Chothandizira pokonza madzi otayira ndi polymer chimathetsedwa bwino kwambiri. Vutoli lili pamwambapa.
4. Kuwunika kwathunthu kwa polojekitiyi
1. Ili ndi mphamvu yochepetsera CrV kwambiri, pH ya Cr” yochepetsera ndi yayikulu (2 ~ 6), ndipo ambiri mwa iwo ndi acidic pang'ono.
Madzi otayira osakanikirana amatha kuthetsa kufunika kowonjezera asidi.
2. Ndi yamchere kwambiri, ndipo pH imatha kuwonjezeredwa nthawi yomweyo ikawonjezedwa. pH ikafika 7.0, Cr (VI), Cr3+, Cu2+, Ni2+, Zn2+, Fe2+, ndi zina zotero zimatha kufika pa muyezo, kutanthauza kuti, zitsulo zolemera zimatha kusungunuka pamene mtengo wa VI ukuchepetsedwa. Madzi okonzedwawo amakwaniritsa muyezo wa dziko lonse wotulutsa madzi.
3. Mtengo wotsika. Poyerekeza ndi sodium sulfide yachikhalidwe, mtengo wokonzera umachepetsedwa ndi RMB yoposa 0.1 pa tani.
4. Liwiro la kukonza ndi lachangu, ndipo polojekiti yoteteza chilengedwe ndi yothandiza kwambiri. Mvula imakhala yosavuta kukhazikika, yomwe ndi yofulumira kawiri kuposa njira ya laimu. Mvula ya nthawi imodzi ya F-, P043 m'madzi otayira
5. Kuchuluka kwa matope ndi kochepa, theka lokha la njira yachikhalidwe yopezera madzi m'nthaka
6. Palibe kuipitsidwa kwachiwiri kwa zitsulo zolemera pambuyo pochizira, ndipo carbonate yachikhalidwe ya mkuwa ndi yosavuta kuyisakaniza ndi madzi;
7. Popanda kutseka nsalu yosefera, imatha kukonzedwa mosalekeza
Gwero la nkhaniyi: Sina Aiwen adagawana zambiri
Nthawi yotumizira: Novembala-29-2021